Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases

Pastula, Daniel M.; De, Smith; Jd, Beckham; Kl, Tyler

doi:10.1007/s13365-016-0428-5

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…69 Jamestown Canyon virus is an orthobunyavirus and was first identified in Jamestown Canyon, Colorado in 1961. It is transmitted by various mosquito species and infections, which may present as a nonspecific febrile illness or meningoencephalitis, have been reported throughout the United States.…”

Section: Related Viruses: Similarities and Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent

White

Wollebo

Beckham

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

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113

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The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas has followed a pattern that is familiar from earlier epidemics of other viruses, where a new disease is introduced into a human population and then spreads rapidly with important public health consequences. In the case of Zika virus, an accumulating body of recent evidence implicates the virus in the etiology of serious pathologies of the human nervous system, that is, the occurrence of microcephaly in neonates and Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. Zika virus is an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) and a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Zika virions are enveloped and icosahedral, and contain a nonsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, which encodes 3 structural and 7 nonstructural proteins that are expressed as a single polyprotein that undergoes cleavage. Zika genomic RNA replicates in the cytoplasm of infected host cells. Zika virus was first detected in 1947 in the blood of a febrile monkey in Uganda’s Zika Forest and in crushed suspensions of the Aedes mosquito, which is one of the vectors for Zika virus. The virus remained obscure, with a few human cases confined to Africa and Asia. There are two lineages of the Zika virus, African and Asian, with the Asian strain causing outbreaks in Micronesia in 2007 and French Polynesia in 2013–2014. From here, the virus spread to Brazil with the first report of autochthonous Zika transmission in the Americas in March 2015. The rapid advance of the virus in the Americas and its likely association with microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome make Zika an urgent public health concern.

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Section: Related Viruses: Similarities and Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent

White

Wollebo

Beckham

et al. 2016

Annals of Neurology

Self Cite

113

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“…The principal vectors are A. aegypti mosquitos [26], and there is increasing evidence that Zika may also be transmitted sexually [27]. Infection is asymptomatic in about 80 % cases, and causes a mild disease in the other 20 %, characterized by fever, muscle aches, eye pain, and maculopapular rash [28]. The virus is also neurotropic, as evident from the surge in microcephalic births in areas affected by the 2015 South American outbreak [29].…”

Section: Zika Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 90 % of the mice survived EEEV challenge, demonstrating strong cross-protection of the WEEV immunization and the potential to develop a pan-encephalitic alphavirus vaccine [41]. [28]. Though mortality is low compared with other arboviral diseases (<1 %), morbidity can be significant, in the form of persistent polyarthralgia.…”

Section: Vaccines Under Development For Zoonotic Alphaviruses Encephamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccinations for Neuroinfectious Disease: A Global Health Priority

Leibovitch

Jacobson

2016

Neurotherapeutics

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Vaccines for neuroinfectious diseases are becoming an ever-increasing global health priority, as neurologic manifestations and sequelae from existing and emerging central nervous system infections account for significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. The prevention of neurotropic infections can be achieved through globally coordinated vaccination campaigns, which have successfully eradicated nonzoonotic agents such as the variola viruses and, hopefully soon, poliovirus. This review discusses vaccines that are currently available or under development for zoonotic flaviviruses and alphaviruses, including Japanese and tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, West Nile, dengue, Zika, encephalitic equine viruses, and chikungunya. Also discussed are nonzoonotic agents, including measles and human herpesviruses, as well as select bacterial, fungal, and protozoal pathogens. While therapeutic vaccines will be required to treat a multitude of ongoing infections of the nervous system, the ideal vaccination strategy is preexposure vaccination, with the ultimate goals of minimizing disease associated with zoonotic viruses and the total eradication of nonzoonotic agents.

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“…Several other flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis, Yellow Fever, West Nile, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus are being transmitted by the mosquitoes (Daep et al 2014;Hub alek et al 2014;Medlock & Leach 2015;Parham et al 2015). North America has been victimized by the emergence of several arthropod-borne diseases, including Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, Chikungunya, and Zika diseases recently (Pastula et al 2016). Due to recent outbreaks, Zika virus (Fauci & Morens 2016) is being considered as an emerging infectious disease with the potential to spread to new areas where the Aedes mosquito vector is present (Hayes 2009;Chen & Wilson 2010;Cao-Lormeau et al 2014;Carneiro & Travassos 2016;CDC 2016;Hennessey et al 2016) and reports also document the involvement of other vectors like Culex spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review

Singh

Dhama

Malik

et al. 2016

Veterinary Quarterly

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This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till the recent large-scale outbreak which occurred in Micronesia, in 2007, the virus was placed into the innocuous pathogen category. The World Health Organization on 1 February 2016 declared it as a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern.' Of the note, American as well as Pacific Island strains/isolates is relatively closer to Asian lineage strains. The African and American strains share more than 87.5% and 95% homologies with Asian strains/isolates, respectively. Asian strains form independent clusters, except those isolated from China, suggesting relatively more diversity than African strains. Prevention and control are mainly aimed at the vector population (mosquitoes) with Aedes aegypti being the main species. Surveys in Africa and Asia indicated seropositivity in various animal species. However, so far its natural reservoir is unknown. There is an urgent need to understand why Zika virus has shifted from being a virus that caused mild illness to unforeseen birth defects as well as autoimmune-neurological problems. Unfortunately, an effective vaccine is not available yet. Availability of cryo-electron microscopy based on 3.8 A resolution revealing mature Zika virus structure and the probable virus attachment site to host cell would provide critical insights into the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines.

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Four emerging arboviral diseases in North America: Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, chikungunya, and Zika virus diseases

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent

Zika virus: An emergent neuropathological agent

Vaccinations for Neuroinfectious Disease: A Global Health Priority

Zika virus – emergence, evolution, pathology, diagnosis, and control: current global scenario and future perspectives – a comprehensive review

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