Four new species of Hexanchorus Sharp from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Elmidae) with DNA barcoding and notes on the distribution of the genus

Abstract

The riffle beetle genus Hexanchorus Sharp, 1882 is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, forming an important component of the freshwater invertebrate fauna of Latin America. With 21 described species, Hexanchorus represents one of the most speciose Larainae genera, but its real diversity is likely much higher. We analysed material from a relatively small area in Ecuador, resulting in the first record of H.cordillierae for Ecuador and discovery of four new species and one subspecies: Hexanchorusvirilissp. n., Hexanchorusrostratussp. n., Hexanchorusshepardisp. n., Hexanchorusonoreisp. n. and Hexanchorusonoreisagittatusssp. n. For delimiting and characterizing species, both morphological and molecular (mtCOI DNA barcodes) data were used. A distribution map of Hexanchorus species is provided based on published records.

A revision of Onychelmis Hinton, 1941 (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with description of new species, DNA barcoding and notes on the geography of the genus

“…We recorded six species (five new to science) in Ecuador alone, and similar findings from other countries would not be surprising. This phenomenon of underestimated diversity can be seen in many Neotropical genera, such as Hexanchorus Sharp, 1882(Maier 2013Linský et al 2019).…”

“…Monte & Mascagni (2012) described ten new elmid species and recognized 59 species for Ecuador classified in 19 genera. Since then, an expedition to this country has yielded extensive material, from which several new species (Linský et al 2019) and one new genus have so far been described (Čiampor et al 2019). Additionally, Polizei & Barclay (2018 recorded two known species of the genus Hintonelmis Spangler, 1966 and described one new species of Cylloepus Erichson, 1847 from Ecuador.…”

La familia Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) en Colombia: riqueza taxonómica y distribución

“…Es un género neotropical con 25 especies distribuidas desde México hasta Argentina, con una sola especie conocida en Colombia (río Chipalo) (Jäch, et al, 2016;Linský, et al, 2019). A nivel de género está citada en los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas, Tolima y Valle del Cauca (González-Córdoba, et al, 2015 a).…”

“…En el Neotrópico se han descrito 48 géneros de Elmidae, de los cuales 43 se distribuyen en Suramérica, en donde el estudio de los élmidos ha venido en aumento desde los trabajos pioneros de Delève (1968b, 1981 y, en especial, Hinton (1935, 1936, 1939 a, b, c, 1940 a, b, c, d, 1941a, b, 1946, 1971a, b, 1972, 1973), autores que han aportado innumerables trabajos taxonómicos en la región. En los años siguientes, Paul Spangler hizo varías revisiones en Centroamérica y el Neotrópico (Spangler & Santiago, 1987;Spangler & Santiago-Fragoso, 1992) y, recientemente, se han hecho importantes trabajos en Argentina, Brasil, Ecuador, Guayana Francesa y Venezuela, que han suministrado inventarios y revisiones sistemáticas para América del Sur (Manzo, 2005(Manzo, a, b, 2007(Manzo, , 2013Manzo & Archangelsky, 2008;Passos, et al, 2003Passos, et al, , 2007Passos, et al, , 2010Passos, et al, , 2015Segura, et al, 2011Segura, et al, , 2013Monte & Mascagni, 2012;Maier & Spangler, 2011;Maier, 2013;Barbosa, et al, 2013;Fernandes, et al, 2010Fernandes, et al, , 2011, 2019Barr, 2018;Polizei, 2018 a, b;Polizei & Barclay, 2018, 2019Linský, et al, 2019;Polizei, et al, 2020;Shepard, et al, 2020).…”

Spanglerelmis, a new genus of Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from Brazil with new species and biological notes

“…Thus, it is highly likely that the richness of species of Elmidae within Brazil has been strongly underestimated. Despite this, knowledge has advanced, including the description of new species and the development of taxonomic keys (Fernandes et al 2011;Fernandes & Hamada 2012;Sampaio et al 2012;Barbosa et al 2013;Ferreira-Jr et al 2014;Passos et al 2015;Polizei 2018aPolizei , 2018bPolizei & Barclay 2018, 2019a, 2019bLinský et al 2019;Almeida et al 2020;Polizei et al 2020aPolizei et al , 2020bPolizei & Fernandes 2020).…”