Four pathways for hydatid pulmonary embolism

Abstract

Introduction Hydatid pulmonary embolism (HPE) is rare but remains an etiology that needs to be considered and kept in mind, especially in endemic areas, as regards nonthrombotic embolism. Methods Between 2000 and 2014, 10 patients were treated in our department for the presence of hydatid material in the pulmonary arterial circulation. Through these 10 cases, we try to assess the radioclinical characteristics and results of the surgical treatment. Results The study included six men and four women, average age 28 years. Discovery of HPE was made following the exploration of cardiorespiratory symptoms in nine cases and was incidental in a single patient. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest directly visualized the hydatid material in the pulmonary arteries in nine cases. Surgery consisted of an embolectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass in nine cases. This embolectomy was preceded by the treatment of an embolic hydatid cyst (HC) in seven cases (HCs of the right heart chambers in six cases and a liver HC ruptured in the inferior vena cava in one case), whereas for only one patient, who presented a HC pedunculated in the right ventricle and protruding into the pulmonary artery, the cure of the cardiac location was sufficient. Only one patient died on the third postoperative day. Conclusion Endoluminal hydatid involvement of pulmonary arteries is extremely rare. CTA chest has an important contribution to the positive diagnosis. Treatment is surgical when the patient's condition allows it.

Primary extra hepatic hydatid cyst of the kidney: A case report

“…Primary renal hydatic cyst is very rare and has been mostly reported in association with hepatic, pulmonary, or multi-organ hydatidosis. 2 …”

“…it is a neglected zoonosis, caused by cestode larvae called Echinococcus granulosus and is still endemic in many rural areas in North Africa, the Middle East, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Alaska, and northern China. 1 , 2 In Morocco, the prevalence of this pathology in humans is underestimated with an annual increase in the number of cases. 3 …”

Hydatid Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…It has been reported that echinococcosis of the pulmonary artery is mainly derived from hepatic hydatid cysts, and when these rupture in the liver or other organs in the abdomen, they invade the inferior vena cava or the hepatic vein. This enables the cyst contents to enter into the blood circulation and cause a pulmonary embolism after entering into the pulmonary artery and its branches through the right atrium and right ventricle [ 4 – 6 ]. By the time this situation occurs, the hydatid cyst is not usually seen in the right atrium or right ventricle, and most patients will have a history of hepatic hydatid disease.…”