Four Recent Influenza Epidemics: An Experimental Study

Horsfall, Frank L.; Hahn, Richard G.; Rickard, E. R.

doi:10.1172/jci101140

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…He had not been inoculated with vaccine. The characteristics of influenza A observed during this epidemic were similar to those in epidemics previously described (7,8,25). The disease was of moderate severity, the incidence of pulmonary complications was low, and no deaths occurred.…”

Section: Clinical Featuressupporting

confidence: 86%

An Epidemic of Influenza. Results of Prophylactic Inoculation of a Complex Influenza a-Distemper Vaccine 1

Brown¹,

Eaton²,

Meiklejohn³

et al. 1941

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Clinical Featuressupporting

confidence: 86%

An Epidemic of Influenza. Results of Prophylactic Inoculation of a Complex Influenza a-Distemper Vaccine 1

Brown¹,

Eaton²,

Meiklejohn³

et al. 1941

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…This result might have been anticipated since, as has previously been shown (17), acute pneumonitis does not produce an increase in neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…A consolidation did, however, appear in the 2nd serial passage. This may be suggestive evidence of partial neutraliza- Cross Neutralization Tests with Acute Pneumonitis and Influenza Viruses.--Despite the fact that it has been shown previously (17) that acute pneumonitis does not produce an increase in antibodies against influenza A virus, it seemed of interest to determine whether or not any antigenic relationship existed between these two viruses since both are capable of causing acute respiratory infections in human beings.…”

Section: Neutralization Of the Virus By Serum From Patients Convalescmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recovery From Patients With Acute Pneumonitis of a Virus Causing Pneumonia in the Mongoose

Weir

Horsfall

1940

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. A virus capable of producing pulmonary consolidation in the wild mongoose (Herpestes griseus) has been isolated from throat washings obtained from four patients with a clinical syndrome termed acute pneumonitis. 2. The virus was not pathogenic for ferrets, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys, voles, hamsters, deer mice, skunks, opossums, or woodchucks. 3. The virus was filterable through Berkefeld V and N candles, was not inactivated by glycerin or by freezing and drying in vacuum, and was propagated for at least 30 serial passages on the chorio-allantoic membrane of the developing chick embryo. 4. Normal mongooses placed in contact with infected mongooses developed pulmonary consolidation. 5. The virus was neutralized by the serum of mongooses convalescent from the infection but was not neutralized by normal mongoose serum. 6. Serum of human beings convalescent from acute pneumonitis also neutralized the virus, but serum obtained from the same individuals during the acute phase of the disease failed to do so. 7. The evidence so far obtained strongly suggests that this virus is the cause of acute pneumonitis in human beings. It differs from other viruses known to cause infections of the respiratory tract in man.

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“…These titer groups were: (a) less than 1:4, (b) 1:4 to 1:15, and (c) 1:16 to 1:64. To facilitate a correlation between what has previously been published (15,21) concerning standard neutralizing antibody titers and the interpretation of the effectiveness of various types of vaccines containing influenza A virus, neutralizing capacity ranges were chosen which corresponded quite closely to the three titer groups mentioned. Volunteers were arranged in order of increasing neutralizing capacity of their prevaccination serum, and those in each neutralizing capacity range were considered as a group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex Vaccine Against Influenza a Virus

Horsfall

Lennette

Rickard

1941

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A quantitative study of the antigenicity of various vaccines containing influenza A virus has been made in human beings. A complex vaccine prepared from chick embryos inoculated with both influenza A virus and the X strain of canine distemper virus was found to be more effective than other vaccines in stimulating the production of neutralizing antibodies against the former virus. The increased antibody levels which resulted from the administration of this vaccine remained almost unaltered for at least 5 months.

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Four Recent Influenza Epidemics: An Experimental Study

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

An Epidemic of Influenza. Results of Prophylactic Inoculation of a Complex Influenza a-Distemper Vaccine 1

An Epidemic of Influenza. Results of Prophylactic Inoculation of a Complex Influenza a-Distemper Vaccine 1

The Recovery From Patients With Acute Pneumonitis of a Virus Causing Pneumonia in the Mongoose

A Complex Vaccine Against Influenza a Virus

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