“…The FTIR spectrum of the MHEM precipitate (Fig. 2 ) contains two groups of peaks corresponding to orthophosphates and carbonates similar to well-known FTIR spectra of carbonated hydroxyapatites (CHA) 24 – 30 . The only difference is a smoother shape of phosphate bands in MHEM as compared with standard CHA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…The only difference is a smoother shape of phosphate bands in MHEM as compared with standard CHA. This difference might possibly originate from the short time interval between MHEM precipitation and its analysis and, as a consequence, amorphous structure of CHA due to its immaturity 30 . Figure 2 FTIR spectra of control samples of commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), and test sample of precipitated particles of MHEM from cat faeces (MB diet).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 2 FTIR spectra of control samples of commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), and test sample of precipitated particles of MHEM from cat faeces (MB diet). It is clear that MHEM spectrum presents absorbance bands of orthophosphate and carbonate components specific for hydroxyapatite and in particular for CHA 24 – 30 . …”
Free heme is a highly toxic molecule for a living organism and its detoxification is a very important process, especially for carnivorous animals. Here we report the discovery of a previously unknown process for neutralizing free heme in the digestive tract of domestic cats. The cornerstone of this process is the encapsulation of heme into carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, followed by their excretion with faeces. This way of heme neutralization resembles the formation of insoluble heme-containing particles in the digestive tracts of other hematophagous species (for example, the formation of insoluble hemozoin crystals in malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites). Our findings suggest that the encapsulation of heme molecules into a hydroxyapatite matrix occurs during the transition from the acidic gastric juice to the small intestine with neutral conditions. The formation of these particles and their efficiency to include heme depends on the bone content in a cat’s diet. In vitro experiments with heme-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles confirm the proposed scenario.
“…The FTIR spectrum of the MHEM precipitate (Fig. 2 ) contains two groups of peaks corresponding to orthophosphates and carbonates similar to well-known FTIR spectra of carbonated hydroxyapatites (CHA) 24 – 30 . The only difference is a smoother shape of phosphate bands in MHEM as compared with standard CHA.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 55%
“…The only difference is a smoother shape of phosphate bands in MHEM as compared with standard CHA. This difference might possibly originate from the short time interval between MHEM precipitation and its analysis and, as a consequence, amorphous structure of CHA due to its immaturity 30 . Figure 2 FTIR spectra of control samples of commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), and test sample of precipitated particles of MHEM from cat faeces (MB diet).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Figure 2 FTIR spectra of control samples of commercial hydroxyapatite (HA), synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), and test sample of precipitated particles of MHEM from cat faeces (MB diet). It is clear that MHEM spectrum presents absorbance bands of orthophosphate and carbonate components specific for hydroxyapatite and in particular for CHA 24 – 30 . …”
Free heme is a highly toxic molecule for a living organism and its detoxification is a very important process, especially for carnivorous animals. Here we report the discovery of a previously unknown process for neutralizing free heme in the digestive tract of domestic cats. The cornerstone of this process is the encapsulation of heme into carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, followed by their excretion with faeces. This way of heme neutralization resembles the formation of insoluble heme-containing particles in the digestive tracts of other hematophagous species (for example, the formation of insoluble hemozoin crystals in malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites). Our findings suggest that the encapsulation of heme molecules into a hydroxyapatite matrix occurs during the transition from the acidic gastric juice to the small intestine with neutral conditions. The formation of these particles and their efficiency to include heme depends on the bone content in a cat’s diet. In vitro experiments with heme-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles confirm the proposed scenario.
“…Two examples of major advances in vibrational spectroscopy are the coupling of spectrometers to imaging systems and fiber optic probes, which enables an important expansion of the biomedical application of these methods. When coupled to imaging systems [ 1 , 2 , 27 , 31 , 34 , 42 , 46 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ], it is possible to obtain hyperspectral images of tissue sections, in which each micron-sized pixel corresponds to a spatially-defined spectrum. Each hyperspectral image can be comprised of arrays of hundreds to thousands of spectra and allow the analysis of multiple individual components based on the selection of specific intensities or absorbances present in the spectra, presenting an excellent source of information on the amount and distribution of tissue components.…”
Section: Vibrational Spectroscopymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This study showcased a unique strength of FTIR spectroscopy for the identification of a specific absorbance band associated to an amorphous calcium phosphate mineral. By investigating a variety of developing bones, Querido et al [ 78 ] identified the existence of a transient amorphous mineral precursor formed in bone prior to apatite crystallization, which advances our knowledge of bone mineralization and development. It is also important to highlight a recent study by Imbert et al [ 74 ] where bone tissue composition and structure were assessed by AFM-FTIR spectral imaging.…”
Section: Application Of Vibrational Spectroscopy For Connective Timentioning
Advances in vibrational spectroscopy have propelled new insights into the molecular composition and structure of biological tissues. In this review, we discuss common modalities and techniques of vibrational spectroscopy, and present key examples to illustrate how they have been applied to enrich the assessment of connective tissues. In particular, we focus on applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy to assess cartilage and bone properties. We present strengths and limitations of each approach and discuss how the combination of spectrometers with microscopes (hyperspectral imaging) and fiber optic probes have greatly advanced their biomedical applications. We show how these modalities may be used to evaluate virtually any type of sample (ex vivo, in situ or in vivo) and how “spectral fingerprints” can be interpreted to quantify outcomes related to tissue composition and quality. We highlight the unparalleled advantage of vibrational spectroscopy as a label-free and often nondestructive approach to assess properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with normal, developing, aging, pathological and treated tissues. We believe this review will assist readers not only in better understanding applications of FTIR, NIR and Raman spectroscopy, but also in implementing these approaches for their own research projects.
Biocompatible and bio‐active coatings can enhance and accelerate osseointegration via chemical binding onto substrates. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been shown as a precursor to achieve mineralization in vertebrates and invertebrates under the control of biological macromolecules. This work presents a simple bioinspired Gelatin‐CaPO4 (Gel‐CaP) composite coating on titanium surfaces to improve osseointegration. The covalently bound Gel‐CaP composite is characterized as an ACP‐Gel compound via SEM, FT‐IR, XRD, and HR‐TEM. The amorphous compound coating exhibits a nanometer range thickness and improved elastic modulus, good wettability, and nanometric roughness. The amount of grafted carboxyl groups and theoretical thickness of the coatings are also investigated. More importantly, MC3T3 cells, an osteoblast cell line, show excellent cell proliferation and adhesion on the Gel‐CaP coating. The level of osteogenic genes is considerably upregulated on Ti with Gel‐CaP coatings compared to uncoated Ti, demonstrating that Gel‐CaP coatings possess a unique osteogenic ability. To conclude, this work offers a new perspective on functional, bioactive titanium coatings, and Gel‐CaP composites can be a low‐cost and promising candidate in bone regeneration.
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