Foveating saccades

Whittaker, Stephen G.; Cummings, Roger W.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90009-a

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been suggested by several vision researchers that a brain mechanism exists to drive foveating saccades I of the eye in response to stimulus in the periphery region [14] [19]. In the discussion of their model of saccadic eye movement, Tsotsos et al comment that these saccades play an important role in the exploration of the visual world [18].…”

Section: Supporting Foveal and Peripheral Conesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beating the limitations of camera-monitor mediated telepresence with extra eyes

Yamaashi

Cooperstock

Narine

et al. 1996

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Common Ground - CHI '96

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Supporting Foveal and Peripheral Conesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beating the limitations of camera-monitor mediated telepresence with extra eyes

Yamaashi

Cooperstock

Narine

et al. 1996

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Common Ground - CHI '96

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Sometimes, the eye movements are initially directed to the PRL rather than the fovea (a phenomenon called “re-referencing”; Schuchard & Raasch, 1992 ; White & Bedell, 1990 ). Subjectively, many patients who experience re-referencing report that they are looking straight ahead when fixating with their PRL ( White & Bedell, 1990 ; Whittaker & Cummings, 1990 ). However, the effective use of the periphery differs across individuals with central vision loss and not all patients show peripheral re-referencing and/or effective peripheral viewing strategies ( Crossland, Culham, Kabanarou, & Rubin, 2005 ; Fletcher and Schuchard, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to characterize compensatory oculomotor strategies following simulated central vision loss

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Loss of central vision can be partially compensated by increased use of peripheral vision. For example, patients experiencing central vision loss due to disease (macular degeneration) or healthy participants trained with simulated central vision loss, tend to develop eccentric fixation spots for reading or other visual tasks. In both patients and in simulated conditions, there are substantial individual variations in the effective use of the periphery. The factors driving these individual differences are still unclear. Although early approaches have described some dimensions of these strategies, the field is still in its initial stages and important elements are often conflated when examining gaze patterns. Here, we propose a systematic approach to characterize oculomotor strategies in cases of central vision loss that distinguishes different components: saccadic re-referencing, saccadic precision, first saccade landing dispersion, fixation stability, latency of target acquisition, and percentage of trials that are useful. We tested this approach in healthy individuals trained with a gaze-contingent display obstructing the central 10 degrees of the visual field. The use of simulated scotoma helps overcome known challenges in clinical research, from recruitment and compliance to the diverse extent and nature of the visual loss. Importantly, this approach offers the ability to examine oculomotor strategies as they develop in controlled settings where viewing conditions are similar across participants. Results show substantial differences in characteristics of peripheral looking strategies, both across trials and individuals. This more complete characterization of peripheral looking strategies can help us understand individual differences in rehabilitation after central vision loss.

show abstract

“…Patients in the late stages of MD tend to compensate for the loss of central vision by developing an eccentric fixation spot outside the damaged retinal region to replace the fovea (preferred retinal locus [PRL]; Cummings, Whittaker, Watson, & Budd, 1985;Timberlake et al, 1986). The PRL often becomes the retinal region used for fixation and/or oculomotor reference (Crossland, Engel, & Legge, 2011) so that patients would describe themselves as looking straight ahead when fixating with their PRL (White & Bedell, 1990;Whittaker & Cummings, 1990). This re-referencing toward the PRL has been observed in a large majority of MD patients (White & Bedell, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining fixation and lateral masking training enhances perceptual learning effects in patients with macular degeneration

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Macular degeneration (MD), a retinal disease affecting central vision, represents the leading cause of visual impairment in the Western world, and MD patients face severe limitations in daily activities like reading and face recognition. A common compensation strategy adopted by these patients involves the use of a region in the spared peripheral retina as a new fixation spot and oculomotor reference (preferred retinal locus, or PRL). Still, peripheral vision is characterized by poorer visual acuity, fixation stability, and larger crowding zones that further hinder processes like object recognition, visual search, and reading. Perceptual learning (PL) has been successfully used to improve visual acuity in mild visual conditions (e.g., presbyopia, amblyopia and myopia), but results in MD are less clear, often showing limited generalization of learning, unlike what is observed in a healthy population. A possible reason is the suboptimal fixation in the PRL that might prevent patients from processing the briefly presented training stimuli. Following this hypothesis, we trained five MD patients and four age-and eccentricity-matched controls with a protocol that combined contrast detection and a task previously used to train fixation stability. Results showed transfer of learning to crowding reduction, reading speed, and visual acuity in both MD patients and controls. These results suggest that in the case of central vision loss, PL training might benefit from the integration of oculomotor components to optimize the effect of training and promote transfer of learning to other visual functions.

show abstract

Foveating saccades

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Beating the limitations of camera-monitor mediated telepresence with extra eyes

Beating the limitations of camera-monitor mediated telepresence with extra eyes

A method to characterize compensatory oculomotor strategies following simulated central vision loss

Combining fixation and lateral masking training enhances perceptual learning effects in patients with macular degeneration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About