Fowler's Bacillus and Its Parasporal Body

Hannay, C. L.

doi:10.1083/jcb.9.2.285

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…T h e cortex in these preparations is probably largely residual insoluble material and appears to have at its inner surface a m e m b r a n o u s zone ]. 18 THE JOURNAL'OF CELL BIOLOGY • VOLUME 14,1962 or at least an orientated insoluble boundary, which fixes more OsO4 (Fig. 15), and which is distinct from the protoplasmic membrane.…”

Section: Fmt~m 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hashimoto (16) has shown a similar development of the septum in Clostridium sporogenes. Thus, the origin of the spore septum is now clear, and considerable detail is available on the structure of the mature spore in several species (2,4,14,16,20,26,32,34). However, until quite recently very little was understood of the stages between the early development and the complex structure of the mature spore, and of the mode of development of the structural components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPORE OF BACILLUS COAGULANS

Ohye

Murrell

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A B S T R A C TSpore formation in Bacillus coagulans has been studied by electron microscopy using an epoxy resin (Araldite) embedding technique. The developmental stages from the origin of the initial spore septum to the mature spore were investigated. The two forespore membranes developed from the double layer of cytoplasmic membrane. The cortex was progressively deposited between these two membranes. The inner membrane finally became the spore protoplasmic membrane, and the outer membrane part of the inner spore coat or the outer spore coat itself. In the mature spore the completed integuments around the spore protoplasm consisted of the cortex, a laminated inner coat, and a dense outer coat. No exosporium was observed. The method of formation of the cortex and the spore coats is discussed. I N T R O D U C T I O NFollowing certain nuclear events (38, 39) the early stage in spore formation involves the enclosing of the spore nucleus by two membranes derived from the centripetal invagination of the sporangial cytoplasmic membrane (5). This invaginatlon to form the initial spore septum is associated with considerable mesosome development (5). The association of certain peripheral bodies with cell division and the early stages of spore formation was observed by several workers (Figs. 2 and 3, reference 2;3;7; Fig. 14, reference 19;33) before the cytological structure of these bodies (mesosomes) was clearly revealed by Fitz-James (5) and Giesbrecht (7). Although glimpses of certain stages in the development of the initial spore septum and "wall" of the forespore had been obtained (17,(32)(33)(34), it was Young and Fitz-James (38, 39) who clearly demonstrated the origin of the septum and FitzJames (5) who showed the association of mesosomes with septum development in several Bacilluf cereus strains, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus medusa. Hashimoto (16) has shown a similar development of the septum in Clostridium sporogenes. Thus, the origin of the spore septum is now clear, and considerable detail is available on the structure of the mature spore in several species (2,4,14,16,20,26,32,34). However, until quite recently very little was understood of the stages between the early development and the complex structure of the mature spore, and of the mode of development of the structural components. In 1962 Young and Fitz-James (40) described in B. cereus var. alesti the formation of the cortex between the two membranes of the forespore. The spore coat apparently was formed external to the outer membrane but within the exosporium.This study of Bacillus coagulans confirms the origin of the forespore membranes and the development of the cortex between the two membranes. It also reveals several differences in structure and perhaps in method of formation. M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D SThe observations reported in this study were made with a very heat resistant strain of B. coagulans 111 on

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Section: Fmt~m 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPORE OF BACILLUS COAGULANS

Ohye

Murrell

1962

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…The SCA phenotype was identified almost a half century ago (Hannay, 1961). The mechanism(s) controlling SCA, however, are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoters of crystal protein genes do not control crystal formation inside exosporium ofBacillus thuringiensisssp.finitimusstrain YBT-020

Ji¹,

Zhu²,

Ju³

et al. 2009

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Most Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals separate from spores after sporulation. A special phenomenon called spore-crystal association (SCA) occurs in a few subspecies (e.g. ssp. finitimus) where enclosed crystals are associated with spores. In this study, the involvement of crystal protein gene promoters in SCA was investigated. Two crystal protein genes, cry26Aa and cry28Aa, were isolated from subspecies finitimus strain YBT-020, and each or both were then transferred to acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain BMB171 and the plasmid-cured derivative of strain YBT-020. SCA was not observed with any recombinant strain, implying that the crystal protein genes are not sufficient to cause SCA. When the typical crystal protein gene cry1Ca was introduced into strain YBT-020, free bipyramidal crystals formed in addition to SCA. Recombinant genes containing the promoter of cry26Aa or cry28Aa fused with the coding sequence (CDS) of cry1Ca were introduced into strain YBT-020, and the typical cry1Ca phenotype was observed. Another two fusion genes consisting of the promoter of cry1Ca and the CDS of cry26Aa or cry28Aa were also transferred to strain YBT-020. Only enclosed crystals formed. These results indicate that the promoters of the crystal protein genes are not the key factor determining the crystal location in strain YBT-020.

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“…Only a few of the hundreds of parasporal-body-forming isolates form an inclusion within the exosporium (4,17,18 . .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…finitimus [18], B. thuringiensis subsp. lewin, the Bacillus cereus isolate of Fowler and Harrison [17], and Bacillus popilliae [4]), however, the parasporal inclusion is deposited within the exosponum and remains with the spore after mother cell lysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two different parasporal inclusions are produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus

Debro¹,

Fitz-James²,

Aronson³

1986

J Bacteriol

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Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.finitimus produced at least two parasporal inclusions. One inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis. A second inclusion formed, somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. Each inclusion contained a major polypeptide of about 135,000 daltons with unique antigenic determinants. This spbspecies contained only two plasmids, of 98 and 77 megadaltons (MDa). Strains cured of these plasmids produced only the free inclusion. Since the plasmid-cured strains did not contain DNA sequences homologous to plasmid DNA, the gene for the free-inclusion protein must be encoded in the chromosome. In contrast, the epclosed parasporal inclusion was produced only when the plasmid of 98 MDa was present. In addition, transfer of the 98-MDa plasmid to Bacillus cereus resulted in transcipients that produced small inclusions enclosed within the exosporium, and the protein extracted from these inclusions reacted with antibody specific for enclosed inclusion protein ofB. thuringiensis subsp.finitimus.Genes in both the chromosome and a plasmid function in the synthesis of distinct parasporal proteins in this subspecies.

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Fowler's Bacillus and Its Parasporal Body

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPORE OF BACILLUS COAGULANS

FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPORE OF BACILLUS COAGULANS

Promoters of crystal protein genes do not control crystal formation inside exosporium ofBacillus thuringiensisssp.finitimusstrain YBT-020

Two different parasporal inclusions are produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus

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