Fractal–fractional operator for COVID-19 (Omicron) variant outbreak with analysis and modeling

A new fractional mathematical model to study the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outbreaks

“…COVID-19 virus evolves as changes in its genetic code occur during replication of the genome. In the second wave of COVID-19, the Omicron variant was discovered with continuous rise in cases [66] . In July 2022, the Omicron variant of concern was the dominant variant circulating around the world.…”

“…To effectively control the pandemic, vaccine is a highly effective intervention which can considerably reduce the number of infections in the population. A number of vaccines are available for COVID-19, but how these vaccines can be helpful to eradicate the disease is still unknown [66] . Researchers suggest that vaccines are slightly less effective against most of the variants, which may lead to a free spread of the variance [53] .…”

Analysis and dynamical transmission of tuberculosis model with Treatment effect by using Fractional Operator

“…This technique improved solutions based on Sobolev spaces and the Schmidt orthogonalization procedure, which, provided the arbitrary kernel functions fulfil Robin's homogeneous requirements, may be easily applied to produce Fourier expansion at a high convergence rate [20]. Due to a characterization of the memory and hereditary properties, fractional order, which involves integration and transects differentiation with the aid of fractional calculus, can also help in better understanding the explanation of real-world problems than ordinary integer order as well as in the modelling of real phenomena in [21,22] and some application of fractional on real data is also stuied in [23,24,25,26] The section 1 offers an introduction to the suggested model in detail. Section 2 contains several fundamental fractional order derivatives are useful in solving the epidemiological model.…”

Fractal–fractional age-structure study of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission dynamics

“…Farman Ref. 40 introduced an Atangana-Baleanu fractal-fractional model for the COVID-19 Omicron variant and showed some mathematical analysis of their model. They proved the Omicron wave’s bounded solution and presented some numerical simulations.…”

“…Farman Ref. 40 did not group their model in the age category. This paper applies a fractal-fractional operator to formulate two age-structure models for the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.…”