Fractal Theory and its Implication for Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation (API) of Geophysical Investigation: A Review

Abstract

It has been observed that the sources of geophysical anomalies, such as density, susceptibility, conductivity, reflectivity, etc. may be conveniently defined according to a scaling/fractal distribution. Acquisition, processing and interpretation (collectively known as API) are the three main steps in any geophysical investigation. The proper design of acquisition of data can enhance the signal to noise ratio of geophysical response. Fractal theory has been applied and found to be worthwhile in deciding a geophysical survey network. Similarly, the second step, geophysical data processing for interpolation of missing data is key to reduce spurious anomaly due to aliased-interpolated data, and fractal or multi-fractal concepts have been applied to improve data processing significantly. Finally, interpretation is the main step which depends on the nature of the source. This lead to the development of new interpretation methods such as scaling spectral method and modified centroid method to accommodate scaling/fractal distribution of source for scaling geology for improved results. In the present paper, in-depth review of the application of fractal/multi-fractal approach in geophysical API for better geophysical understanding, is presented. Also, the advancement in geophysical API for filling the gaps in our understanding of sub-surface source characterization with recent examples in seismology and heat flow is highlighted, which can be further helpful in conducting future research of scaling geology.

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