“…Thus, to achieve a quantitative understanding of biological responses, the induced electric field, power density, and the derived dosimetric quantity of specific absorption rate (SAR) as well as the temperature rise inside the tissues have to be quantified and correlated with any observed phenomena. In view of these requirements and considering that the dielectric response of a broad variety of biological media can be described by power‐law in the frequency domain, our fractional calculus‐based FDTD algorithm was extended to incorporate further physics outlined by the Pennes bioheat equation, modeling the heat conduction, metabolism and blood perfusion effects, and the Gagges two‐node model, which takes into account the thermoregulation mechanisms as shivering, regulatory sweating, and vasomotion . A multi‐layered human head structure consisting of skin, fat, bone, dura, CSF, and brain was considered.…”