Fractional Frequency Reuse in Ultra Dense Networks

Lam, Sinh Cong; Tran, Xuan Nam

doi:10.1016/j.phycom.2021.101433

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to Table 1, for instance, if > 0 dB, 64QAM cannot be applied to the SFR or FFR when the outer-cell power boost is also considered, which occurs in most cases. However, almost all state-of-the-art studies until the present have evaluated the performance of their SFR-based or FFR-based proposals without considering these constraints [1]− [13], being the ratio of the outer and inner power densities ( ) one of the most important parameters in the analysis [1], [2], [6] − [9], [11], [12]. In these studies, 64QAM are frequently used, particularly in the inner sub-bands.…”

Section: B DL Power Management and Inter-cell Interference Coordinati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same assumptions are applied in the studies conducted in [11], where FFR and SFR with K edge sub-bands are considered and the power ratio ranges from 0 to 20 dB. The same occurs in [12], where authors propose a generalized model of FFR for ultra-dense networks. Knowing that, according to [19], the transmission power in DL should not dynamically change, an FFR scheme extended to N (from 2 to 4) power/frequency subbands/groups is proposed.…”

Section: B DL Power Management and Inter-cell Interference Coordinati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of Transmitted Signal Distortion Caused by Power Allocation in Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Techniques for LTE/LTE-A and 5G Systems

et al. 2022

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Error vector magnitude (EVM) and out-of-band emissions are key metrics for evaluating in-band and out-band distortions introduced by all potential non-idealities in the transmitters of wireless systems. As EVM is a measure of the quality of the modulated signal/symbols, LTE/LTE-A and 5G systems specify mandatory EVM requirements in transmission for each modulation scheme. This paper analyzes the influence of the mandatory satisfaction of EVM requirements on the design of radio resource management strategies (RRM) (link adaptation, inter-cell interference coordination), specifically in the downlink (DL). EVM depends on the non-idealities of the transmitter implementations, on the allocated power variations between the subcarriers and on the selected modulations. In the DL of LTE, link adaptation is usually executed by adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) instead of power control, but some flexibility in power allocation remains being used. LTE specifies some limits in the power dynamic ranges depending on the allocated modulation, which ensures the satisfaction of EVM requirements. However, the required recommendations concerning the allowed power dynamic range when inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) and enhanced ICIC (eICIC) mechanisms (through power coordination) are out of specification, even though the EVM performance should be known to obtain the maximum benefit of these strategies. We perform an experimental characterization of the EVM in the DL under real and widely known ICIC implementation schemes. These studies demonstrate that an accurate analysis of EVM is required. It allows a better adjustment of the design parameters of these strategies, and also allows the redefinition of the main criteria to be considered in the implementation of the scheduler/link adaptation concerning the allocable modulation coding scheme (MCS) in each resource block.

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Section: B DL Power Management and Inter-cell Interference Coordinati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B DL Power Management and Inter-cell Interference Coordinati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evaluation of Transmitted Signal Distortion Caused by Power Allocation in Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Techniques for LTE/LTE-A and 5G Systems

et al. 2022

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“…To service customers in the cell's inner and outer regions, different transmit powers are used [7][8]. A smaller P1 to service the cell's interior helps lessen interference with neighboring cells.…”

Section: Fractional Frequency Reuse (Ffr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Frequency Channel Allocation Methods in ultra-dense networks

Liu¹

2022

HSET

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The impact of information transmission on production and life under dense networking is self-evident. Dense networking application scenarios include airports, dense residential buildings, dense business districts and blocks, campuses, large gatherings, stadiums, subways, etc. However, with the increase of 5G frequency band, the 5G macro base station signal attenuates more when it penetrates the wall than 4G, which makes it difficult to cover indoor signals. The outdoor 5G macro base station signal can only provide shallow indoor coverage after penetrating obstacles such as brick walls, glass and cement, which cannot guarantee the good experience required for indoor deep coverage. This paper compares and discusses various channel allocation algorithms based on user scenarios in ultra-dense networks. By adjusting some parameters of 19 units, the integer frequency reuse (IFR) method (N=1,3), fractional frequency reuse (FFR) method, simultaneous water injection (SWF) method, and transmission interference temperature limit (TX-ITL) method are compared. In order to increase the capacity, a combination of several algorithms will also be used.

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“…The joint optimization of FFR and the modern cellular technique, particularly Dynamic Time-Divison Duplex, was investigated [3]. In our recent work [4], the general FFR scheme was proposed for ultra-dense networks, where the allocated RBs are classified into more than two groups. By this way, two adjacent BSs have to employ different power levels on a given RB group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Modified Fractional Frequency Reuse in Nakagami-m Fading Channel

Lam

Luu

Nguyen

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR), which was introduced by 3GPP is considered the powerful technique to improve user performance. However, implementation of FFR is a challenge due to strong dependence between base stations (BSs) in terms of resource allocations. This paper studies a modified and flexible FFR scheme that allows all BSs works independently. The analytical and simulation results prove that the modified FFR scheme outperforms the conventional FFR.

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Fractional Frequency Reuse in Ultra Dense Networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental Evaluation of Transmitted Signal Distortion Caused by Power Allocation in Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Techniques for LTE/LTE-A and 5G Systems

Experimental Evaluation of Transmitted Signal Distortion Caused by Power Allocation in Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Techniques for LTE/LTE-A and 5G Systems

Comparison of Different Frequency Channel Allocation Methods in ultra-dense networks

Performance of Modified Fractional Frequency Reuse in Nakagami-m Fading Channel

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