Fractionation of halogenated organic matter present in rain and snow

Laniewski, Krzysztof; Borén, Hans; Grimvall, Anders

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00181-7

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, the organic pollutants [such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters (PEs), pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] in rainwater have also been studied in other areas for the status of the pollution (Laniewski et al 1999;Satsumabayashi et al 2001). However, the research of the source reconciliation of the aliphatics, biomarker, PAHs and fatty acids is infrequently mentioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic composition in the dry season rainwater of Guangzhou, China

Song

Liu

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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This paper reports the results from a study of the organic composition of rainwater collected at Tianhe district of Guangzhou city, P.R. China, during the dry season. Several special setups of a pyrex bottle with a glass funnel were used for the collection of the rainwater. Three fractions (aliphatics, PAHs and fatty acids) were separated from the total extracted organic compounds and identified with GC-MS. The molecular diagnostic ratios were utilized for the source reconciliation. The aliphatic hydrocarbon and the biomarkers (triterpanes and steranes) distribution show a characteristic of the petrochemical source in the rainwater samples. The PAHs diagnostic ratios [e.g. MP/P, MPI, Fl/ (Fl + Py)] indicated vehicular emissions. The fatty acids ratios (e.g. C(18:1)/C(18:0) and C(18:2)/C(18:0)) reflect the contribution of cooking emissions, while the higher plant waxes play little part. Moreover, the values of MP/P, MPI, BaA/(BaA + CT) and BeP/(BeP + BaP) reflected the origin of the long-distance transportation to some extent. On the whole, for the dry season rainwater, all molecular diagnostic ratios indicated the complexity of the organic composition of the rain, which have the characteristics of both a local emission contribution and a long-distance transportation contribution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic composition in the dry season rainwater of Guangzhou, China

Song

Liu

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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“…The amount of these compounds is often expressed by a group parameter called AOX, or adsorbable organic halogen, providing a reliable basis for the formulation of regulatory limits, which can be readily implemented in practice. [9][10][11] The legislatively prescribed analytical methods can be also formally standardized by the determination of these group parameters. Furthermore, this may allow comparing findings obtained in various laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the AOX is adopted as a representative parameter of potential hazard. [12] Although it is widely used to survey the total amount of organically bound halogens in wastewater, drinking water and different types of natural waters, [9][10][11][12] there is a limited number of studies on the characterization of organic compounds in solid residues from waste incineration. In the literature, it is reported that solid residues may contain high concentrations of toxic micropollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorbable Organic Halogens (AOXs) in Solid Residues from Hazardous and Clinical Waste Incineration

Durmuşoğlu

Bakoǧlu

Karademır

et al. 2006

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Trace concentrations of a variety of chemicals remain in solid residues following combustion even in properly designed and operated incinerators. In the present study, the adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) levels of the solid residues, i.e., bottom ash, fly ash, and filter cake, were investigated during a 82-day of continuous operation of a Hazardous and Clinical Waste Incinerator. The distribution of halogens in the waste input prior to the incineration was also determined. The AOX levels measured in bottom ash, fly ash and filter cake were in the range of 0.014-1.879, 0.012-0.263, and 0.004-0.062 mg-Cl(-)/kg, respectively. The AOX levels are significantly low in the fly ash and filter cake due to the post-combustion process in the incinerator. At the end of the 82 days, the total AOX output in the bottom ash, fly ash, and filter cake were 571, 3.71, and 6.26 g, respectively. The partitioning of the total AOX in solid residues was 98.28, 0.64, and 1.08% for the bottom ash, fly ash and filter cake, respectively. This shows that the bottom ash is more contaminated with AOX than the other two residues.

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“…Chlorinated organic compounds have been determined in the environment for more than three decades. There have been significant efforts to identify halogenated compounds built during the chlorination in drinking water treatment [15], AOX substances in wastewaters from the paper and chemical industry [4,[12][13][14], biogenic generated AOX substances [2,5,7,16], AOX in swimming pool water [17], and in atmospheric deposition [18]. Both, individual compounds and group parameter are used in official regulations and environmental quality discussions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common approach to the analysis of chlorinated compounds is the detection and quantification of individual substances as well as the determination of so-called group parameters such as EOX (extractable organic halogens), POX (purgeable organic halogens), or AOX (adsorbable organic bound halogens). Even with this progress in the identification of AOX substances, the identity of a major fraction of the AOX is still unknown [18,19]. Especially the AOX, starting in Germany in the early 1980s, has become an important environmental parameter [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%