Fractionation of soybean meal, cottonseed meal and wheat middlings using combination of sieving and air classification

Abstract

Fiber separation from these animal feeds could increase the protein and hence increase the value of the animal feed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combination of sieving and air classification for fiber separation from soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and wheat middlings (WM). The effect of yields of lighter fractions on fiber separation from size fractions was also investigated. At low yields of lighter fraction (5%), the quantity of fiber product separated was 3.7, 1.3 and 4.8% by weight of SBM, CSM and WM respectively. At high yields of lighter fractions (15%), the quantity of fiber product separated was 8.9, 3.5 and 11% by weight of SBM, CSM and WM respectively. For CSM and SBM, the enhanced product contained 0.6 to 2.0% higher protein content than unprocessed feed. For WM, the enhanced product contained 0.2 to 0.7% higher protein content than unprocessed feed.ii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this research to my mother, Ratna mala. Her support throughout the years has enabled me to achieve more than I ever thought possible. I would like to extend this dedication to my father Srinivas and brother Uma Mahesh. INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this chapter is to give a brief introduction of the current study.Section 1.1 explains the background and significance of fiber separation in protein enrichment of animal feeds. Section 1.2 contains the various methods used in fiber separation and Section 1.3 presents the objectives of this research. Background and significanceThe demand for protein rich plant feeds is rapidly increasing due to the increased concerns in using animal byproducts (meat and bone meal etc) for animal feeds. The digestibility of plant protein is higher in animals compared to the animal derived feeds.Therefore, the use of protein rich plant feeds soybean meal and cottonseed meal increased over the years in North American poultry industry. Poultry industry is the biggest user of soybean meal and in US it consumes approximately 54 percent of all meal produced in the country (1). In the current scenario of increasing demand for protein rich feeds, there is a need to enhance the protein content among these feeds. Soybean meal is a good source of plant protein (48 percent) with high energy and low fiber (1). The advantage of using soybean meal as primary protein source is its consistency in composition with less variation among the meals obtained from different processing plants. Cottonseed meal 2 comes next to soybean meal in terms of the consumption and availability of 41 percent of protein (2). It can be used as animal feed alone or in combination of other feeds to complete the balanced ration. Wheat middlings is another cattle feed with high levels of digestible fiber, low levels of starch and less digestive disturbances which makes it useful feed roughage (3). Methods used for fiber separationSrinivasan et al (2005) separated fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by elusieve process, the combination of sieving and elutriation, to produce enhanced DDGS...

Production of Protein Concentrates from Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata and Acrocomia totai) Kernels by Sieve Fractionation

“…Total protein contents between 51 and 59% were reported for protein concentrates from peas [ 29 ], lupins [ 27 ], beans, and lentils [ 81 ] obtained through the use of milling and air classification. The sieve fractionation of rapeseed [ 40 ], canola [ 39 ], and soybean meals [ 41 ] resulted in total protein contents of 58.4, 41.6, and 55.7%, respectively. Therefore, the our process concept proved to be a feasible technique for producing protein concentrates with satisfactory protein contents in a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly manner.…”

“…Conventionally, a series of sieves is used with decreasing mesh sizes [ 31 ]. Sieve fractionation was employed for the protein enrichment of peas [ 35 ], barley [ 34 , 36 ], quinoa [ 37 ], chia [ 38 ], canola [ 39 ], rapeseed [ 40 ], and soybean meals [ 41 ]. Sieve fractionation is a simple and inexpensive dry processing method, which could potentially be easily integrated into downstream processing after oil extraction [ 39 ], thus, presenting a promising prospect for recovering MKM proteins.…”

Manufacture of defatted canola meal with enhanced nutritive composition by air classification on an industrial scale

“…Challa et al . increased protein content in the fine fraction of soybean meal from 539 to 553–557 g kg −1 after combination actions of sieving and air classification …”

“…where 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 12 , 13 , 23 , 11 , 22 , and 33 are coefficients, and X 1 , X 2 , and X 3 are the coded independent variables for the secondary air, rotor speed, and air stream rate, respectively. Y is the yield or nutrition concentration in the CM fractions.…”

Mild Fractionation for More Sustainable Food Ingredients

“…The emergence of crops as promising protein crops for human food and the high-energyintensive production of ingredients has led to a re-emergence of the technique in the scientific literature from 2011 onward, for example, for barley (Ferrari et al 2009); oat (Wu & Doehlert 2002); corn (Srinivasan & Singh 2008); cottonseed, wheat, and soybean (Challa et al 2010); lupine (Pelgrom et al 2014); and pea (Pelgrom et al 2013, Wu & Nichols 2005. The process typically delivers fractions that are enriched in specific components, such as protein and starch, fiber, or other carbohydrates (e.g., arabinoxylans or glucans).…”