Fracture Behavior of the Skull Frontal Bone Against Cylindrical Surfaces

Hodgson, V. R.; Brinn, Jule; Thomas, L. M.; Greenberg, S. W.

doi:10.4271/700909

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The force data seem to correlate well with other studies concerning frontal studies of embalmed heads: Hodgson et al (1970) and Hodgson and Thomas (1971) noted a mean peak force of 7.6 kN for frontal impact loading of embalmed heads, Nahum et al (1968) reported a value of 4.9 kN for similar conditions while Stalnaker et al (1977) reported an average peak force of 7.2 kN. Yoganandan et al (1995) noted for dynamic frontal loading of fresh human heads an F # of 13.6 kN, a d # of 4.01 mm and an E abs# of 23.51 J.…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 77%

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A new test set-up for skull fracture characterisation

Verschueren

Delye

Depreitere

et al. 2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the 1960s and 1970s, more research institutions performed tests to establish the impact tolerance of the human head. Hodgson et al (1970) and Hodgson and Thomas (1971) used two impacting methods and devices. First, a pivoting table which allowed for a free fall of a human cadaver; second, a guided fall device or drop tower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new test set-up for skull fracture characterisation

Verschueren

Delye

Depreitere

et al. 2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…In Hodgson's (1970) experiments, the peak force was 5868 (± 1,111) for four 2.74m/s impacts, 5879 for one 3.14m/s impact, and 4231 for one 3.35 m/s impact [32]. For simulation, peak forces show positive correlation with impact speed, with 7159, 8560, and 9425 N for 2.74, 3.14, and 3.35 m/s impact, respectively.…”

Section: Skull Responsementioning

confidence: 88%

Development of a Finite Element Human Head Model Partially Validated With Thirty Five Experimental Cases

Mao¹,

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2013

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

310

207

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This study is aimed to develop a high quality, extensively validated finite element (FE) human head model for enhanced head injury prediction and prevention. The geometry of the model was based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans of an adult male who has the average height and weight of an American. A feature-based multiblock technique was adopted to develop hexahedral brain meshes including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, corpus callosum, ventricles, and thalamus. Conventional meshing methods were used to create the bridging veins, cerebrospinal fluid, skull, facial bones, flesh, skin, and membranes-including falx, tentorium, pia, arachnoid, and dura. The head model has 270,552 elements in total. Thirty five loading cases were selected from a range of experimental head impacts to check the robustness of the model predictions based on responses including the brain pressure, relative skull-brain motion, skull response, and facial response. The brain pressure was validated against intracranial pressure data reported by Nahum et al. (1977, "Intracranial Pressure Dynamics During Head Impact," Proc. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper No. 770922) and Trosseille et al. (1992, "Development of a F.E.M. of the Human Head According to a Specific Test Protocol," Proc. 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper No. 922527). The brain motion was validated against brain displacements under sagittal, coronal, and horizontal blunt impacts performed by Hardy et al. (2001, "Investigation of Head Injury Mechanisms Using Neutral Density Technology and High-Speed Biplanar X-Ray," Stapp Car Crash Journal, 45, pp. 337-368; and 2007, "A Study of the Response of the Human Cadaver Head to Impact," Stapp Car Crash Journal, 51, pp. 17-80). The facial bone responses were validated under nasal impact (Nyquist et al. 1986, "Facial Impact Tolerance and Response," Proc. 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper No. 861896), zygoma and maxilla impact (Allsop et al. 1988, "Facial Impact Response - A Comparison of the Hybrid III Dummy and Human Cadaver," Proc. 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper No. 881719)]. The skull bones were validated under frontal angled impact, vertical impact, and occipital impact (Yoganandan et al. 1995, "Biomechanics of Skull Fracture," J Neurotrauma, 12(4), pp. 659-668) and frontal horizontal impact (Hodgson et al. 1970, "Fracture Behavior of the Skull Frontal Bone Against Cylindrical Surfaces," 14th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE International, Warrendale, PA). The FE head model was further used to study injury mechanisms and tolerances for brain contusion (Nahum et al. 1976, "An Experimental Model for Closed Head Impact Injury," 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE International, Warrendale, PA). Studies from 35 loading cases demonstrated that the FE head model could predict head responses which were comparable to experimental measurements in terms of pattern, peak values, or time histories. Furthermore, tissue-level injury tolera...

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“…In 1970, 13 male and one female intact embalmed cadavers were used to determine fracture responses (Hodgson et al, 1970). The mean age was 64716 years (range: 33-83).…”

Section: Early Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%