Fracture initiation and propagation in unidirectional CF composites based on thermoplastic acrylic resins

Pini, Tommaso; Caimmi, Francesco; Briatico‐Vangosa, Francesco; Frassine, R.; Rink, M.

doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.08.023

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Conversely, the newly developed reactive methyl methacrylate matrix Elium can be processed at room temperature with processing techniques typical of thermosets, like resin transfer molding (RTM) and resin infusion, as the initial viscosity is as low as 100 mPa s (as reported in the technical datasheet). Unlike many thermoplastics, the mechanical properties of this resin are comparable to those of a high‐performance epoxy resin , and it has been observed to feature even better vibration damping properties and a higher fracture toughness , as well as a good adhesion strength with carbon fibers and a low viscosity, which eases the processability . Moreover, the interface created with glass fibers can be optimized by a proper acrylic sizing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reactive thermoplastic resin as a matrix for laminates containing phase change microcapsules

2019

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This work aims at developing multifunctional thermoplastic laminates combining structural and heat storage/ management functions. The laminates are constituted by paraffin microcapsules as phase change materials (PCM), continuous carbon fibers, and a novel thermoplastic liquid methyl methacrylate resin (Elium), processable as a thermoset. The characterization aims to study how the paraffin microcapsules influence the thermo-mechanical properties and thermal management performance of Elium and of the relative composite laminates. For the Elium/PCM systems, the phase change enthalpy increased with the experimental PCM concentration up to 101 J/g, but the mechanical properties decreased concurrently. The melting enthalpy of the laminates also increased with the microcapsule amount, up to 66.8 J/g, which indicates that the mild conditions applied in the processing of the liquid resin allow the integrity of the microcapsules to be preserved. This is also confirmed by the improved thermal management performance observed through thermal camera imaging measurements. Microscopy techniques showed that the PCM phase is preferentially distributed in the interlaminar region, which accounts for the observed decrease in the interlaminar strength and the flexural properties with an increase in the PCM content. These results show a potential for the future development of multifunctional thermoplastic composites with elevated thermal energy storage capabilities. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3711-3724, 2019.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reactive thermoplastic resin as a matrix for laminates containing phase change microcapsules

2019

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“…The average G IC-I and G IC-P for two specimens from RT, 50 ℃ and 80 ℃ laminates as well as the average G IC-P obtained from Refs. [5,7,[24][25][26] are shown in Fig. 13(b).…”

Section: Mode I Fracture Toughness (G Ic )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RT, 50C and 80C. The relationship [5,7,[24][25][26] between the compliance and crack length was analyzed according to ASTM D7905M-14 standard. These parameters (B, P max and m) were used to determine G IIC according to Eq.…”

Section: Mode II Fracture Toughness (G Iic )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is seen that the experimentally determined ILSS of FRECs by using the short beam shear (SBS) tests varied between approximately 40 MPa and 58 MPa [5,[21][22][23][24]. Double cantilevered beam (DCB) tests were performed to determine G IC of FRECs and the range of G IC was found to be from approximately 1.0 kJ/m 2 to 2.5 kJ/m 2 [5,7,[24][25][26]. The mode-II fracture toughness of a FREC was determined in Barbosa et al [27] by using the end notched failure (ENF) test and G IIC was found to be approximately 1.3 kJ/m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of the Interlaminar Failure of Glass/Elium® Thermoplastic Composites Manufactured With Different Processing Temperatures

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the processing temperature on the interfacial failure of glass/Elium ® 150 composites. The vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technique (VARTM) was used to manufacture glass/Elium ® 150 composites at three different process temperatures: room temperature (24℃), 50℃ and 80℃. The interlaminar shear strength, mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminates were determined by performing the short beam shear (SBS), double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) tests, respectively. It was found that the increase in processing temperature improved the interlaminar shear strength, mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness by approximately 41%, 66% and 227%, respectively. A combined compressive and shear failure mode was found in SBS tests. Fiber bridging was present for all the composite specimens in DCB tests according to the travelling recording camera images. Fracture surface images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the ENF tests revealed that a better fiber-matrix bonding and a ductile matrix failure were obtained for higher processing temperatures. KeywordsThermoplastic composites (TPCs) • Interlaminar fracture • Fracture toughness • Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) • Glass/Elium • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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“…For example, mixtures composed of PMMA, acrylic monomers, and fillers are used in bone surgery or dentistry to manufacture prosthetics . Recently, acrylic‐based syrups have also been considered to process structural or semistructural composite parts by liquid composite molding (LCM) . The originality of this strategy lies in the thermoplastic (TP) nature of the resulting polymer matrix which opens broader perspectives than thermoset (TS) matrices, for instance, in terms of thermoformability and recyclability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does paraffin wax prevent evaporation of acrylic‐based syrups dedicated to fiber‐reinforced composite processing?

Charlier

Lortie

Gérard

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study focuses on volatility and processing issues which can be faced when handling acrylic syrups designed for adhesive or composite applications. These reactive mixtures which are mainly constituted of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can yield thermoplastic matrices through radical polymerization. However, the rapid evaporation of acrylic monomers when syrups are exposed to air raises serious manufacturing and H&S concerns, especially when relying on open‐mold processes. A common strategy to prevent this phenomenon is to add paraffin wax to the syrup. However the mechanisms which rule the inhibition of evaporation have never been clearly identified so far. In this context, confocal Raman microscopy has been used to perform depth profilings to evaluate the chemical composition of wax–acrylic syrups from surface to bulk. Results show that the wax content is much higher at the surface than in bulk which leads to the formation of a solid film. This concentration gradient results from two distinct phenomena: the migration of wax at the surface and, to a lesser extent, the evaporation of near‐surface MMA monomers. Thus, the capability of these syrups to impregnate reinforcing fibers is largely decreased which could be of prime concern regarding their application. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48685.

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Fracture initiation and propagation in unidirectional CF composites based on thermoplastic acrylic resins

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Novel reactive thermoplastic resin as a matrix for laminates containing phase change microcapsules

Novel reactive thermoplastic resin as a matrix for laminates containing phase change microcapsules

Experimental Investigation of the Interlaminar Failure of Glass/Elium® Thermoplastic Composites Manufactured With Different Processing Temperatures

How does paraffin wax prevent evaporation of acrylic‐based syrups dedicated to fiber‐reinforced composite processing?

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