Fracture of Adhesive-Bonded Wood Joints

River, Bryan H.

doi:10.1201/9780203912225.ch15

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The rupture and elastic properties are reported to be more a property of the wood rather than the adhesive bond (Frihart 2005). The scarf portions of the joint help in minimising wood material discontinuities (River 2003). This is expected to help the mechanical properties of the jointed sections to be not dependent on the adhesive used to very great extents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

Kumar

Sharma

Gupta³

2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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In this paper, an attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of finger jointing in utilising mango wood sections for various end uses like furniture. The study was based on the estimation of Modulus of elasticity and Modulus of rupture under static bending and Maximum Crushing Stress and Modulus of elasticity under compression parallel to grain of finger jointed sections and comparing them with the values measured for clear wood sections from the same lot. For joining the sections, the Poly Vinyl Acetate and Urea Formaldehyde adhesives were used. It was found that the Modulus of elasticity of the sections joined by either adhesive showed significantly better values than that of unjointed clear wood sections. The Modulus of rupture values of sections joined with Urea Formaldehyde were similar to those of unjointed clear wood sections. However, sections jointed with Poly Vinyl Acetate adhesive exhibited lower Modulus of rupture. Under compression, the parameters of the jointed sections joined with either adhesive were either similar or better than those of the unjointed clear wood sections. The study demonstrates the utility of finger jointing of mango wood sections for furniture parts especially with the Urea Formaldehyde adhesive.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

Kumar

Sharma

Gupta³

2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], the novelty of its use for conservation and the variations used in the present work demand that a fuller explanation of the technique is provided.…”

Section: Mode I Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the fracture properties of delaminating multilayered decorative coatings on wood and their changes after consolidation with polymer formulations

Schellmann

Taylor

2015

J Mater Sci

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In the field of cultural objects conservation efficient stabilisation of fragile and failing, multilayered decorative coatings is a complex and challenging task. This paper introduces a new application of the standardised double cantilever beam (DCB) test method to improve the understanding of the mechanical properties of failing material and to determine the effect of polymeric agents (consolidants) added for their stabilisation. The adapted DCB method was used to measure the fracture energy, G Ic , and the fracture behaviour of brittle, protein-bound (gesso-type) foundation layers on wooden substrates that typically suffer from delamination and flaking. Wooden DCB specimens containing a brittle layer of protein glue mixed with finely ground clay powder were prepared, fractured, then consolidated with a range of commonly used polymer formulations, and finally re-fractured to provide measurements for direct comparison. Consolidants tested included gelatine-based glues (bovine hide glue, isinglass; both pre-stained with Fast Green dye), acrylics (Lascaux Medium for Consolidation, Paraloid B-72/B-48N), poly(vinyl acetates) (Mowilith 50, Mowilith DMC2) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (Mowiol 3-83). Before second-phase fracture cross sections were taken from the DCB specimens for determining penetration depth and gap-filling ability. For better visibility, the specimens containing acrylics were stained with Solvent blue G dye; iodine potassium-iodide was used for staining the other synthetic consolidants. The resulting data showed that the test method could determine measurable differences between initial G Ic (47±22 J/m 2 ) and post-consolidation G Ic values. Also, penetration behaviour could be well characterised and valuable, detailed information on the type and location of crack path propagation was gained.Parts of this paper have previously been published in the conference proceedings of the ICOM-CC Triennial Meeting, Lisbon 2011 [1], and the CCI Symposium 'Adhesives and Consolidants for Conservation ', Ottawa 2011 [2].

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“…PUR, in contrast to PRF or solid wood, shows a ductile behavior under tensile load with a distinctive plastic deformability (Kläusler et al 2013). This characteristic allows for a better stress distribution along the glue joint and hence leads to a lower stress concentration at the crack tip (River 2003;Smith et al 2003;Müller et al 2005). The reduced stress concentration in the bond line also diminishes the n, number of specimens; a 0 , initial crack length.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mixed-mode fracture toughness of bond lines of PRF and PUR adhesives in European beech wood

Ammann

Niemz

2014

Holzforschung

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The fracture behavior of bond lines in hardwood has been studied. The joints of a phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resin and a one-component polyurethane (PUR) adhesive with European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) adherends were examined for their fracture toughness (K c ). The initial crack tip was placed directly in the adhesive as a thin silicon film. Thereby, the examination of the bond line, and not the solid wood, can be assured. Five different load angles were applied, from fracture mode 1 (M1) to mode 2 (M2), with an Arcan test mount. Additionally, three sample series conditioned at the relative humidities (RH) of 50%, 65%, and 95% of the surrounding air were tested. The results clearly show an increasing K c of both adhesives with increasing shear stresses. This observation is valid for all RHs, but the differences decrease with increasing RH. The moisture dependency is more pronounced in PUR than in PRF glue joints. PUR generally shows a lower K c than PRF, with the only exceptions being K I,c and K II,c in dry climate. The subsequent crack propagation in the PRF samples mainly takes place in the wood adherend, whereas, in the PUR samples, the cracks remain within the bond line (adhesive failure). Nevertheless, the performance of PUR glue joints is not worse than that of the solid wood, which can be attributed to the ductile behavior of the adhesive.

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Fracture of Adhesive-Bonded Wood Joints

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

Compression and flexural properties of finger jointed mango wood sections

Establishing the fracture properties of delaminating multilayered decorative coatings on wood and their changes after consolidation with polymer formulations

Mixed-mode fracture toughness of bond lines of PRF and PUR adhesives in European beech wood

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