Fracture toughening mechanism of cortical bone: An experimental and numerical approach

An, Bingbing; Liu, Yang; Arola, D.; Zhang, Dongsheng

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.02.012

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The tip-to-tip lengths of the resulting linear microcracks range from approximately 50 to 300 μm [3, 11-13]. From a mechanical standpoint, the formation of microcracks in the vicinity of fatigue fracture [2, 6, 11, 14] may prevent catastrophic bone failure by dissipating strain energy at the advancing crack tip, thereby improving the overall bone toughness [15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface microcracks signal osteoblasts to regulate alignment and bone formation

Shu¹,

Baumann²,

Case³

et al. 2014

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Microcracks are present in bone and can result from fatigue damage due to repeated, cyclically applied stresses. From a mechanical point, microcracks can dissipate strain energy at the advancing tip of a crack to improve overall bone toughness. Physiologically, microcracks are thought to trigger bone remodeling. Here, we examine the effect of microcracks specifically on osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, by comparing cell responses on microcracked versus non-microcracked hydroxyapatite (HA) specimens. Osteoblast attachment was found to be greater on microcracked HA specimens (p<0.05). More importantly, we identified the preferential alignment of osteoblasts in the direction of the microcracks on HA. Cells also displayed a preferential attachment that was 75 to 90 μm away from the microcrack indent. After 21 days of culture, osteoblast maturation was notably enhanced on the HA with microcracks, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Furthermore, examination of bone deposition by confocal laser scanning microscope indicated preferential mineralization at microcrack indentation sites. Dissolution studies indicate that the microcracks increase calcium release, which could contribute to osteoblast responses. Our findings suggest that microcracks signal osteoblast attachment and bone formation/healing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface microcracks signal osteoblasts to regulate alignment and bone formation

Shu¹,

Baumann²,

Case³

et al. 2014

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Experimental method is one of the most frequently used methods in the study of osteonal cortical bone structures and fracture analysis [8,[22][23][24][25][26][27], the results demonstrate that the fracture properties of cortical bone are substantially anisotropic. Finite element method is used in the computational study of cortical bone fracture mechanics [7-9, 11, 25, 28], the results indicate that material properties and morphological parameters of the microstructure greatly influence the bone's fracture behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the literatures studied, we learned that the fracture mechanics of cortical bone in the transverse direction is greater than that in the longitudinal direction [25]. The bone is weakest in tension and strongest in compression and fails mainly due to tensile forces [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Bone Model With a Microcrack Under Tensile Loading

Wang

Ding

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundBone is a biological material whose mechanical properties are outstanding. The fracture mechanics research of cortical bone is a major challenge to fully understand the complex behavior of biological composites and for the design of future bioinspired materials. MethodsIn order to characterize the fracture mechanics behavior of cortical bone, the plane problem for the cortical bone with a microcrack located in the interstitial tissue under tensile loading was considered. Using the solution for the continuously distributed edge dislocations as Green's functions, the problem was formulated. ResultsThe singular integral equations with Cauchy kernels were obtained. And the numerical results indicate that the stress intensity factor of the microcrack is dominated by the material constants and the geometric parameters of the cortical bone.ConclusionThe numerical results suggest that a soft osteon promotes the microcrack propagation while stiff one repels it, but this interaction effect is limited near the osteon. Some of the numerical results are in accordance with the results obtained and additional numerical results predicted need to be confirmed.

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“…Bone fracture is a major health concern and a very common problem faced by living being due to aging, accidents and stressed fracture. Above 20% of athletes suffer from stress fractures [1]. During fracture, bone breaks or does not align with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surface topography on pull-out strength of cortical screw after ultrasonic bone drilling: an in vitro study

Agarwal

Jain

Gupta

et al. 2020

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Drilling of bone is required to repair and align the bone when faced with a major fracture. The screw and implant are used for fixing the fractured part of the bone. The failure of osteosynthesis is due to strength between the bone and screw, which majorly depends upon the pull-out strength of the cortical screw. Pull-out strength is the force required to pull a screw out of its foundation from the bone. After the fixation of cortical screws, the major forces acting on the fixation of the screw and the implanted device in the bone. Therefore, it needs to make sure that the screw must fit into the place and grasp the bone within the drilled hole. The intended focus of this research is to see the effect of surface roughness induced during the bone drilling operation on pull-out strength with rotary ultrasonic bone drilling (RUBD) and standard conventional bone drilling (CBD). This is observed that a drilled hole in a bone exhibits greater pull-out strength with more surface roughness because more anchoring is provided by the roughened surface. Also, the apatite formation of the bone shows the biocompatible nature of porcine bone in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. RUBD using different grit size in a hollow drilling burr resulted that coarse abrasive have maximum effort for higher surface roughness. Furthermore, the higher surface texture provides a better bone growth rate as it provides peaks for branching and nucleation when preserved in SBF. RUBD provides precise cutting to the bone as compared to CBD. On the 28th day of the bone-screw samples to be immersed in SBF results 42.82% higher pull-out strength of screw in case of RUBD as compared to CBD.

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Fracture toughening mechanism of cortical bone: An experimental and numerical approach

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Surface microcracks signal osteoblasts to regulate alignment and bone formation

Surface microcracks signal osteoblasts to regulate alignment and bone formation

Cortical Bone Model With a Microcrack Under Tensile Loading

Effect of surface topography on pull-out strength of cortical screw after ultrasonic bone drilling: an in vitro study

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