Fracture toughness from submicron derived indentation cracks

Scholz, T.; Schneider, Gerold A.; Muñoz-Saldaña, J.; Swain, Michael V.

doi:10.1063/1.1711164

Cited by 81 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This result is in the middle of the range of values reported for fused quartz after testing macroscopic chevron-notched samples [61,62] or nanoindentation fracture testing [63] (see Table 3). Slightly higher values are reported by a few other authors for fused silica [64][65][66][67] (which is commonly referred to as vitreous SiO 2 , and is produced from high-purity synthetic silica instead of naturally occurring quartz).…”

Section: Measured Fracture Toughness Valuessupporting

confidence: 60%

Fracture toughness testing of nanocrystalline alumina and fused quartz using chevron-notched microbeams

et al. 2015

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We show that chevron-notched samples offer an attractive approach to the measurement of fracture toughness in micron-scale samples of brittle materials and use the method to characterize quartz and nanocrystalline alumina. Focused ion beam milling is used to carve bend bars of rectangular cross-section a few micrometres wide and containing a notch with a triangular ligament. Load-controlled testing is conducted using a nanoindentation apparatus. If the notch is appropriately machined, cracks nucleate and propagate in a stable fashion before becoming unstable. Sample dimensions are measured using a scanning electron microscope, and are used as input in finite element simulations of the bars' elastic deformation for various crack lengths. The calculated compliance calibration curve and the measured peak load then give the local fracture toughness of the material. Advantages of the method include a low sensitivity to environmental subcritical crack growth, and the fact that it measures toughness at the tip of a sharp crack situated in material unaffected by ion-milling. The approach is demonstrated on two materials, namely, monolithic fused quartz and nanocrystalline alumina Nextele 610 fibres; results for the latter give the intrinsic grain boundary toughness of alumina, free of grain bridging effects.

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Section: Measured Fracture Toughness Valuessupporting

confidence: 60%

Fracture toughness testing of nanocrystalline alumina and fused quartz using chevron-notched microbeams

et al. 2015

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“…This approach employs a microscopic indenter, typically 1-10 m in diameter, that can be applied to a prepared surface with a small, precisely measured force, in the range of tens to hundreds of millinewtons, to a controlled depth, typically hundreds to thousands of nanometers. The response of the calibrated system can then be used to accurately compute material stiffness, as well as other elastic constants, and, with the proper application, nanoindentation can also be used to assess fracture toughness as well [Li and Bhushan, 2002;Field et al, 2003;Scholz et al, 2004]. This approach is beginning to be applied in bone biology with great success [Erickson et al, 2002;Goodwin and Sharkey, 2002;Hengsberger et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2002] and is ideally suited to assessing mechanical properties of the small, delicate bones of bats.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Bat Wing Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics

Swartz¹,

Middleton²

2007

Cells Tissues Organs

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Background/Aims: Wing skeletons of bats are uniquely specialized for flight, reflecting both evolutionary history and the need to maintain structural integrity while generating aerodynamic forces. Methods: We analyzed the anatomical structure of bat wing skeletons in the context of scaling patterns relative to other mammals, material properties and the mechanical function of the wing bones during flight. Results: Compared with nonvolant mammals, the bones of the bat forelimb are elongated, even after correcting for shared phylogenetic history. Bats have consistently larger-diameter bones in the forelimb than do nonvolant mammals but significantly narrower hindlimb bones. Mineralization in the cortical bone of wings is lower than in the long bones of other adult mammals, with a proximodistal gradient of decreasing mineralization. The distal phalanges have only a small amount of mineralized tissue underlying the articular cartilage. Loads required to elicit a 10% length deflection in the wing bones of Glossophaga soricina varied approximately 50-fold along the wing and flexural stiffness nearly 200-fold. Commensurate with low mineralization and flexural stiffness, bat bones experience extraordinarily high bending strains during flight. Conclusion: Bat limb skeletons share features with other mammals and possess specialized characteristics, mostly related to the mechanical demands of flight.

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“…In the present study, a technique of depth-sensitive nanoindentation combined with micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to characterize the deformation and failure of AlON. Nanoindentation has been established as a powerful technique to characterize mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus) and fracture toughness at small scales, such as individual crystallites and grains, and the variation of these properties with penetration depth by analyzing load-depth profiles [17][18][19][20]. Moreover, the unusual changes in nanoindentation loaddepth profiles have been widely recognized as the indicators of structural phase changes that occur within indented materials during the tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation characterization of deformation and failure of aluminum oxynitride

et al. 2011

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Fujita, T.; McCauley, J. W.; Singh, J. P.; and Chen, M. W., "Nanoindentation characterization of deformation and failure of aluminum oxynitride" (2011 Abstract A systematic study of the mechanical deformation and failure of transparent ceramic aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been conducted using a depth-sensitive nanoindentation technique combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Although discrete displacement bursts appear in the load-depth profiles at high applied forces, a detectable high-pressure phase transition has not been found by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Instead, a high density of dissociated h1 1 0i dislocations can be observed underneath the nanoindenters, suggesting that extensive plastic deformation takes place in the brittle ceramic at high contact pressures. Moreover, nanoindentation-induced micro-cracks oriented along well-defined crystallographic planes can also be observed, consistent with the low fracture toughness of AlON evaluated by an indentation method using Laugier's equation.

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Fracture toughness from submicron derived indentation cracks

Cited by 81 publications

References 9 publications

Fracture toughness testing of nanocrystalline alumina and fused quartz using chevron-notched microbeams

Fracture toughness testing of nanocrystalline alumina and fused quartz using chevron-notched microbeams

Biomechanics of the Bat Limb Skeleton: Scaling, Material Properties and Mechanics

Nanoindentation characterization of deformation and failure of aluminum oxynitride

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