The origin of Surveying has a close connection with the designation of the land boundary, and cadastral surveying is the basis for a country's land management, serving as an important tool to gather, assess, and update geographical spatial data (Schofield and Breach 2007). In the contemporary era, Surveying is more widely used in different branches of land management. Moreover, the number of techniques and data acquisition methods has dramatically increased in the last 30 years. On the one hand, traditional optical instruments have developed thanks to the integration to computers and electronic devices. On the other, new sensor techniques became available to be used from ground-based stations, mobile terrestrial vehicles, and low-altitude aerial platforms (e.g., helicopters and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles -UAV, see Eisenbeiss and Sauerbier 2011). The diffusion of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS -see Hofmann-Wellenhof et al. 2008) for precise positioning and navigation has not only completely changed the approach to land surveying, but also had an impressive impact on day-by-day life and the entire society. Mobile mapping technology (Tao and Li 2007) allowed an increase in the productivity of high-resolution mapping of communication roads and urban environments, thanks to the integration of different sensing and positioning systems. Digital photogrammetry (Luhmann et al. 2013) and laser scanning sensors (Vosselman and Maas 2010) can be used for fast acquisition of dense point clouds useful to model terrain, buildings, civil constructions and infrastructures, as well as any other natural or man-made objects. While some main surveying instruments were used for the full data collection process in the past, data and sensor integration play a fundamental role today. In particular, the availability of digital data has changed the operational workflows for data acquisition, production, distribution, and management of surveying outputs.On the other hand, the concept of land management also developed its content, going in several other directions rather than traditional cadastral and topographic applications. Detailed 3D digital mapping is now more important because more aspects of buildings and the urban environment have to be considered, for example the ones related to energy efficiency. Also changes of buildings and land over time have attracted great interest in the mapping process, not only to have up-to-date three-dimensional spatial databases, but also to keep record of the evolution process in 4D digital maps. In some cases and when available, historical maps are integrated in the archives. Geographic data need to be accessible to a wider number of users through the Internet, where web services have been developed to allow people to interact with maps and geocoded data. In addition, the availability of several online map services allowed to create added value by supporting commercial applications and location based services (LBS). Crowdsourcing information (Heipke 2012) can be continuously uploaded by the u...