“…Van Brussel et al (1998) argued that the concurrent presence of basic holon and staff holon means HMS has the inherent ability to allow for the combination of heterarchical and hierarchical controls which in turn facilitates the generation of robust and flexible control decisions. However, most applications of HMS focus on dynamic scheduling in bottomlevel sub-systems of manufacturing system (Gou et al, 1998;Sousa and Ramos, 1999;Bongaerts et al, 2000;Babiceanu et al, 2004;Babiceanu and Chen, 2007;Leitão and Restivo, 2006) or real-time production control and rescheduling in manufacturing systems (Cheng et al, 2004;Hsieh, 2004;Colombo et al, 2006;Blanc et al, 2008;Leitão and Restivo, 2008;Verstraete et al, 2008;Borangiu et al, 2009). There are only a few incidents of applying HMS to advanced production planning and scheduling within manufacturing systems with two or more hierarchical layers, such as the work of Gou et al (1998).…”