Framing Science: Precautionary Discourse and the Ozone Treaties

Satellite Earth Observations in Environmental Problem-Solving

“…4 Litfin (1995) stated that the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole (published in the journal Nature by Josef Farman of the British Antarctic Survey in its paper about severe ozone depletion in the Antarctic and a strong correlation between CFC concentrations and ozone losses) was "officially ignored" in the international negotiations for the Montreal Protocol. However, "the ozone hole, signalling a dangerously high probability of ecological disaster, precipitated a sense of crisis conductive to the precautionary discourse eventually sanctioned in Montreal", and "once the hole's existence was confirmed by NASA satellite data, the race was on to explain it."…”

Shale gas policy in the United Kingdom: An argumentative discourse analysis

“…The ADAA presents a framework for interrogating environmental discourses: heterogeneous and shared ways of apprehending the natural world which inherently draw out contestation for capturing the terms of environmental policy making (Dryzek, 1997). Litfin (1995;1994) suggests that discourses link actors together through their capacity to make authoritative claims about environmental decision-making based upon specialised knowledge -in essence discourses structure shared epistemic communities of actors and institutions and reveal the knowledge structures and power relations embedded in linguistic and interpretive practices, organisational strategies and contexts. Within these embedded epistemic communities, Dryzek's (1997) emphasises the enabling potential of discourse for environmental policy, whereas Hajer's (1995) ADAA contrasts by critically examining how human activity is shaped and constrained by discourse (see also Rydin, 2003).…”

Paradigm Shift in the Global IP Regime: The Agency of Academics

“…Most case studies assume that knowledge remains uncontested and that only one epistemic community operates per policy field. While the epistemic community literature has successfully highlighted the role of knowledge in politics, it has largely failed to theorize the politics of knowledge (Litfin 1995;Toke 1999;Antoniades 2003).…”

“…Transnational actors from different "linked professional ecologies", including from advocacy, academia, and international bureaucracies, can cooperate and create discursive coalition to disseminate certain knowledge claims (Stone 2004;Abbott 2005;Seabrooke 2011). Some actors can act as "knowledge-brokers" for others (Litfin 1995) and professional mobility among linked ecologies can contribute to the diffusion of certain knowledge claims (Chwieroth 2008;Seabrooke and Tsingou 2009). …”