Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov., isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Mikalsen, Jarle; Olsen, Anne Berit; Tengs, Torstein; Colquhoun, Duncan J.

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64765-0

Cited by 99 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Many people have died from this disease in the Middle East, especially in the 1400s BC (10). Tularemia was first described as a disease of the rodent group called lemmings in the 16 th century in Norway. It was also described in Japan and Russia in the 1800s (11,12).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of Tularemia

Gürcan¹

2014

Balkan Med J

104

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another species, F. noatunensis, was isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) as F. philomiragia subsp. noatunensis in 2007 (16,17). It was later added to genus Francisella as a species of this genus (18).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Tularemia

Gürcan¹

2014

Balkan Med J

104

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“…During the past 5 yr, bacteria of the genus Francisella have caused significant mortalities in cultured tilapia Oreochromis spp., Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis, three-line grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum, and ornamental cichlids, both in warm-and cold-water environments (Kamaishi et al 2005, Nylund et al 2006, Olsen et al 2006, Ostland et al 2006, Birkbeck et al 2007, Hsieh et al 2007, Mauel et al 2007, Mikalsen et al 2007, Ottem et al 2007, Soto et al 2009a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of the cases, PCR and sequence comparison of the 16S rRNA have made it possible to place the organisms at 97% similarity to F. tularensis, 98% similarity to F. philomiragia, and 99% to other Francisella spp. strains isolated from fish species (Kamaishi et al 2005, Hsieh et al 2006, Ostland et al 2006, Mauel et al 2007, Mikalsen et al 2007, Ottem et al 2007, Soto et al 2009a. The Francisella strain utilized in this research project at the Louisiana Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, LADL 07-285A, isolated from tilapia Oreochromis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

Soto¹,

Bowles²,

Fernandez³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Members of the genus Francisella are small Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria that cause francisellosis in a wide variety of fish species worldwide. F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis has been recently described as a warm-water pathogen of tilapia Oreochromis spp. In this study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) TaqMan probe assay was developed to rapidly and accurately detect and quantify F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis from fish tissue. The target region of the assay was the F. tularensis iglC gene homologue previously found in F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. Probe specificity was confirmed by the lack of signal and cross-reactivity with 12 common fish pathogens, 2 subspecies of F. tularensis, F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis, and tilapia tissue. The range of linearity was determined to be 50 fg to 1.4 mg, and the lower limit of detection was 50 fg of DNA (equivalent to ~25 genome equivalents) per reaction. A similar sensitivity was observed with DNA extracted from a mixture of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis and fish tissue. The assay was also able to detect and quantify F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis from the spleens of experimentally infected tilapia. No signal was observed in the control groups. In conclusion, we have developed a highly sensitive and specific assay that can be used for the specific identification and quantification of F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis. KEY WORDS: Francisella · Tilapia · qPCRResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…noatunensis strain used in this study (NCMB 14265 T ) was isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Mikalsen et al 2007) and supplied by Dr. Colquhoun at the National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. Bacteria were grown as des cribed by Furevik et al (2011) using Bacto TM Eugon Broth (Becton-Dickson) containing 2 mM FeCl 3 * 6H 2 O (Sigma-Aldrich) at 20°C with gentle shaking (150 rpm).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic uptake by cultured Atlantic cod leucocytes and effect on intracellular Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis replication

Kaldestad¹,

Haugland²,

Rønneseth³

et al. 2014

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The granuloma disease caused by Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis in farmed Atlantic cod has not been successfully treated by use of antibacterials, even when antibacterial resistance testing indicates a sufficient effect. The reason for this treatment failure may be the intracellular existence of the bacteria within immune cells, mainly macrophages. To investigate the effect of antibacterials on intracellular Francisella replication, we established a protocol for the detection of drugs within Atlantic cod immune cells using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the uptake and intracellular concentrations of oxolinic acid and flumequine were analysed in isolated adherent head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) by HPLC, we found that uptake was rapid and the intracellular concentrations reflected the extracellular exposure concentrations. To investigate the effect of the antibacterial compounds on intracellular bacterial replication, adherent HKLs experimentally infected with the bacteria were analysed using flow cytometry and intracellular labelling of bacteria by specific antibodies. We found that flumequine did not inhibit intracellular bacterial replication. Unexpectedly, the results indicated that the intracellularly effiacy of the drug was reduced. The HPLC method used proved to be highly applicable for accurate determination of intracellular drug concentrations. When combined with sensitive and specific flow cytometry analyses for identification and measurement of intracellular bacterial replication, we suggest that this approach can be very valuable for the design of antibacterial treatments of intracellular pathogens.

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Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov., isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Cited by 99 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of Tularemia

Epidemiology of Tularemia

Development of a real-time PCR assay for identification and quantification of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

Antibiotic uptake by cultured Atlantic cod leucocytes and effect on intracellular Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis replication

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