The article studies the reception of China by the German-speaking writer Franz Kafka (1883-1924), which can be traced at different levels - from the author’s interpretation of the Chinese lyrics to “copying” the paradoxical component in the semantic space of a literary text that generates new meanings. Literary paradox as one of the dominant principles of poetics is studied by the example of the writer’s stories and letters, in which the image of China appears. The study analyses the devices that Kafka uses to create the image of China. It is revealed that Kafka’s reception of China is in ambivalent relation to the generally accepted European “Chinese discourse” of the early ХХ century.