Free-air fumigation of mature trees

Werner, H.; Fabian, P.

doi:10.1007/bf02987458

Cited by 120 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The study was conducted at the "free-air ozone fumigation plot" of Kranzberg Forest (485 m a.s.l., 48° N 11° E) near Munich, Germany [14,16,42]. In 1998 four-year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings were planted into 70 L containers (20 seedlings per container) containing forest soil [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against oxidative stress

Wieser¹,

Hecke

Tausz

et al. 2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Microclimate and tree age have been suggested to be factors influencing the defense capacity against oxidative stress. Therefore, 5-year-old Fagus sylvatica seedlings were grown on a scaffolding in the sun and shade crown of 55-year-old trees throughout one growing season. Independent of tree age sun leaves had a lower specific leaf area, lower pigment contents and a more capacitive antioxidative system than shade leaves. In addition, in the sun crown leaves of seedlings displayed a higher specific leaf area than leaves of adult trees. Age dependent changes in leaf morphology were related to changes in the defense capacity against oxidative stress, with area based concentrations of antioxidants and pigments increasing with tree age. Thus our results suggest that differences in the response to oxidative stress may be attributed to age and crown position related differences in the specific leaf area, the latter influencing the biochemical and physiological performance of Fagus sylvatica leaves.Fagus sylvatica / tree age / exposure to light / antioxidative defense / specific leaf area Résumé -L'influence du microclimat et de l'âge de l'arbre sur la capacité défensive du hêtre européen (Fagus sylvatica L.) contre le stress oxidatif. Le microclimat et l'âge de l'arbre sont considerés comme des facteurs qui influencent la capacité défensive contre le stress oxidatif. Par conséquent, des plants de Fagus sylvatica de cinq ans ont grandi sur un échafaudage à la couronne des arbres âgés de 55 ans, une fois au soleil, une autre fois à l'ombre pendant une période de croissance. Indépendamment de l'âge de l'arbre, le feuillage exposé au soleil avait une surface spécifique de la feuille inférieure, un contenu de pigment inférieur et un système antioxidatif plus puissant que le feuillage à l'ombre. De plus, au niveau de la couronne la plus haute, le feuillage des plants a développé une surface spécifique plus élevée que celui des arbres adultes. Des transformations de morphologie du feuillage, qui dépendent de l'âge des feuilles, ont été comparées avec des transformations de la capacité contre le stress oxidatif. À cela la teneur en substances antioxidatives relative à la surface de la feuille a augmenté avec l'âge de l'arbre. Donc nos résultats suggèrent que les différences de réaction au stress oxidatif peuvent être attribuées aux différences de la surface spécifique de la feuille -dépendant de l'âge et de la position à la couronne -ce qui influence la performance biochimique et physiologique des feuilles du Fagus sylvatica.Fagus sylvatica / âge de l'arbre / exposition à la lumière / défense antioxidative / surface spécifique de la feuille / stress oxidatif

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against oxidative stress

Wieser¹,

Hecke

Tausz

et al. 2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…Karnosky et al, 2001Karnosky et al, , 2007Nunn et al, 2002Nunn et al, , 2005Werner & Fabian 2002;Matyssek et al, 2007, 2010a, b andtherein reference). Free-air O 3 fumigation studies on field-grown trees have been conducted for several years at some locations in Europe and the US (Karnosky et al, 2001(Karnosky et al, , 2007Matyssek et al, 2007;Oksanen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of tropospheric ozone on the Euro-Mediterranean vegetation

Anav

Menut

Khvorostyanov

et al. 2011

Global Change Biology

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The impact of ozone (O 3 ) on European vegetation is largely under-investigated, despite huge areas of Europe are exposed to high O 3 levels and which are expected to increase in the next future. We studied the potential effects of O 3 on photosynthesis and leaf area index (LAI) as well as the feedback between vegetation and atmospheric chemistry using a land surface model (ORCHIDEE) at high spatial resolution (30 km) coupled with a chemistry transport model (CHIMERE) for the whole year 2002. Our results show that the effect of tropospheric O 3 on vegetation leads to a reduction in yearly gross primary production (GPP) of about 22% and a reduction in LAI of 15-20%. Larger impacts have been found during summer, when O 3 reaches higher concentrations. During these months the maximum GPP decrease is up to 4 g C m À2 day À1 , and the maximum LAI reduction is up to 0.7 m 2 m À2 . Since CHIMERE uses the LAI computed by ORCHIDEE to estimate the biogenic emissions, a LAI reduction may have severe implications on the simulated atmospheric chemistry. We found a large change in O 3 precursors that however leads to small changes in tropospheric O 3 concentration, while larger changes have been found for surface NO 2 concentrations.

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“…However, these approximations can be used for comparison of different sites and thereby provide hints at functional differences of the forests to be compared. As a first application of the presented standard values, space occupation and EMM biomass were assessed in a preliminary field study with mature Norway spruce trees exposed to chronically elevated tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) concentrations at tree crown level (Werner and Fabian 2002). In this study, after 5 years of O 3 exposure, the species community differed considerably in their proportion of the different ET, exhibiting less MD-and LD-ET ECMs under trees receiving twiceambient O 3 concentrations as compared to those under ambient O 3 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration type-specific standard values of extramatrical mycelium – a step towards quantifying ectomycorrhizal space occupation and biomass in natural soil

et al. 2011

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The present study aims at providing standard values for the exploration type (ET)-specific quantification of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of ectomycorrhizal fungi applicable to ecological field studies. These values were established from mycelial systems of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) synthesized in rhizotrons with near-to-natural peat substrate. Based on image analysis, the "Specific Potential Mycelial Space Occupation" (sPMSO), i.e. the ET-specific complete area that is covered by the EMM systems (mm 2 cm −1 ECM −1 ), and the "Specific Actual Mycelial Space Occupation" (sAMSO), i.e. the projection area of mycelial systems (mm 2 cm −1 ECM −1 ), were analyzed as an extension of a previously described approach. The "Specific Extramatrical Mycelial Length" (sEML) [m cm −1 ECM −1 ] and the "Specific Extramatrical Mycelial Biomass" (sEMB) (μg cm −1 ECM −1 ) were calculated for each of the ET via the proportion of hyphal projected area, hyphal length and biomass, the latter two being derived from previous measurements on Piloderma croceum, a "Medium-Distance" (MD)-ET. Both sPMSO and sAMSO were highest for the "Long-Distance" (LD)-ET, whereas those of the "Short-Distance" (SD)-ET and MD-ET were similar, although showing high variation. In contrast, mycelial density per occupied area of the MD-ET was twice as high as that of the LD-ET. Proportional to the sAMSO, the EMM length and biomass differed considerably between the three ET with values of the MD-ET being 1.9 times higher than those of SD-ET, and those of the LD-ET being 15 times higher than those of the SD-ET. These standards in relation to ECM length may ease quantification of mycelial space occupation and biomass in a relatively simple way. Thereby, the ET-specific contribution of EMM can be distinguishedalso of non-cultivable species-and up-scaling to large-scale estimation of cost/benefit relations is possible.

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Free-air fumigation of mature trees

Cited by 120 publications

References 29 publications

The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against oxidative stress

The influence of microclimate and tree age on the defense capacity of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) against oxidative stress

Impact of tropospheric ozone on the Euro-Mediterranean vegetation

Exploration type-specific standard values of extramatrical mycelium – a step towards quantifying ectomycorrhizal space occupation and biomass in natural soil

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