Free and conjugated polyamines in embryogenic and non‐embryogenic leaf regions of camellia leaves before and during direct somatic embryogenesis

Pedroso, M. Cristina; Primikirios, Nikolas I.; Roubelakis‐Angelakis, Kalliopi A.; Pais, M. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01839.x

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although there are no references about PAs in other seagrasses, the values reported for C. nodosa in this work fall within the range of those cited for terrestrial plants (Egea-Cortines et al, 1993;Gallardo et al, 1994;Rey et al, 1994;Pedroso et al, 1997). The highest amounts of PAs (free and bound fraction) are found in the apical section of the rhizome, where the highest growing activity for C. nodosa is expected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Polyamine levels in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

2000

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Polyamine levels in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

2000

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“…Spd titers are generally higher throughout development and Spm exhibits low variation (Fig. 2), suggesting a tighter regulation of cellular Spm metabolism, compared to Put or Spd, in agreement with results from camellia (Camellia sinensis) and grapevine cells (Pedroso et al, 1997;Primikirios and Roubelakis-Angelakis, 1999;Paschalidis et al, 2001). The limited size of the Spd pool may not be large enough to allow the conversion of excess Spd to Spm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polyamine Levels and Polyamine Anabolism in Different Organs/Tissues of the Tobacco Plant. Correlations with Age, Cell Division/Expansion, and Differentiation

2005

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Polyamine (PA) titers and biosynthesis follow a basipetal decrease along the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plant axis, and they also correlate negatively with cell size. On the contrary, the titers of arginine (Arg), ornithine (Orn), and arginase activity increase with age. The free (soluble)/total-PA ratios gradually increase basipetally, but the soluble conjugated decrease, with spermidine (Spd) mainly to determine these changes. The shoot apical meristems are the main site of Spd and spermine biosynthesis, and the hypogeous tissues synthesize mostly putrescine (Put). High and low Spd syntheses are correlated with cell division and expansion, respectively. Put biosynthetic pathways are differently regulated in hyper-and hypogeous tobacco tissues: Only Arg decarboxylase is responsible for Put synthesis in old hypergeous vascular tissues, whereas, in hypogeous tissues, arginase-catalyzed Orn produces Put via Orn decarboxylase. Furthermore, Orn decarboxylase expression coincides with early cell divisions in marginal sectors of the lamina, and Spd synthase strongly correlates with later cell divisions in the vascular regions. This detailed spatial and temporal profile of the free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-conjugated fractions of Put, Spd, and spermine in nearly all tobacco plant organs and the profile of enzymes of PA biosynthesis at the transcript, protein, and specific activity levels, along with the endogenous concentrations of the precursor amino acids Arg and Orn, offer new insight for further understanding the physiological role(s) of PAs. The results are discussed in the light of age dependence, cell division/expansion, differentiation, phytohormone gradients, senescence, and sink-source relationships.Polyamines (PAs) are small polycations that represent important intrinsic developmental signals, linked to important developmental phenomena, including cell growth and division (Chattopadhyay et al., 2002;Theiss et al., 2002), morphogenesis (Paschalidis et al., 2001;Fos et al., 2003), stabilization of nucleic acids and membranes (Thomas and Thomas, 2001), protein synthesis and chromatin function (Mattheus, 1993), and biotic and abiotic stresses (Kurepa et al., 1998; PerezAmador et al., 2002;Navakoudis et al., 2003; for review, see Bouchereau et al., 1999). Eukaryotic cells synthesize putrescine (Put) directly from Orn through the activity of Orn decarboxylase (ODC). Plants and some bacteria also synthesize Put indirectly from Arg, by the activity of Arg decarboxylase (ADC). An aminopropyl group derived from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dSAM) is transferred to Put by spermidine synthase (SPDS) to form spermidine (Spd), and another aminopropyl group is added to Spd by spermine synthase (SPMS) to form spermine (Spm). The dSAM is formed by the activity of S-adenosyl-L-Met decarboxylase (SAMDC; for review, see Wallace et al., 2003).The positive charge of PAs enables them to interact electrostatically with polyanionic macromolecules within the cell. Spd and Spm can bridge the major and minor grooves ...

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“…Laukkanen and Sarjala (1997) showed that the exogenous application of PAs affected the metabolism of pine callus but did not prevent senescence. In embryogenesis of Solanum melongena hypocotyl segments, putrescine increased at maturity (Sharma and Rajam 1995), but in Camellia, both soluble and conjugated spermidine increase during the development of globular embryo (Pedroso et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of exogenous application of polyamines on wheat anther cultures

Redha

Suleman

2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Androgenesis of wheat genotypes was evaluated by pretreating anthers or embryo-like structures (ELS) with polyamines. Anthers of the genotype DH were pretreated with different concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine for 1, 3, and 6 h, and those of drought-tolerant International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) wheat accessions were treated for 1 and 3 h. ELS of two genotypes were also treated for 30 and 60 min with the same polyamines and evaluated for green plant regeneration. The pretreatment of anthers with polyamines enhanced the development of ELS in all genotypes. The formation of ELS varied significantly with genotype. Pretreated anthers showed that four treatments improved significantly green plant regeneration with the genotype ICR 17. However, two treatments (1 mM putrescine or spermine for 1 h) significantly improved green plant regeneration per 100 ELS of only two ICAR-DA genotypes. ELS treated with polyamines for 30 min were greener and formed more adventitious roots. The chloroplasts of these greener ELS examined with a transmission electron microscope had agranal to grana thylakoids, while those of the control had plastids with mostly starch globules. Although exogenous application of polyamines to anthers improved the production of ELS and green plants, the effects of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine was dependent on genotype and the duration of pretreatment of anthers with the polyamines.

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Free and conjugated polyamines in embryogenic and non‐embryogenic leaf regions of camellia leaves before and during direct somatic embryogenesis

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Polyamine levels in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

Polyamine levels in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Polyamine Levels and Polyamine Anabolism in Different Organs/Tissues of the Tobacco Plant. Correlations with Age, Cell Division/Expansion, and Differentiation

Effects of exogenous application of polyamines on wheat anther cultures

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