Free Formaldehyde Determination Using HPLC

Abstract

Release of formaldehyde from durable press treated fabrics is a problem for human health and safety because formaldehyde is suspected to be carcinogen. The accuracy of the standard test method for the free formaldehyde determination, Japan Law 112, depends on the formaldehyde content of the sample. The formaldehyde contents below 20 µg/g cannot be shown to be caused by formaldehyde. The detection of low formaldehyde contents is important particularly in some fields, like children clothing, so the High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used. With different crosslinking reagents finished textile substrates were extracted with water to detect the free formaldehyde by an acetylacetone method. The results obtained by the standard test method, Japan Law 112, where UV/VIS spectrometer was used, were compared with the results obtained by HPLC method where separation was performed on RP C 18 column with water: MeOH as a mobile phase. It was shown that the detection limit and limit of quantification were improved using HPLC method. Concentration range obtained by HPLC method is from 0.3 µg/g to 3000 µg/g.

Sonocatalytic degradation of C.I. Reactive Red 198 in H2O2-based Systems

“…RR198 can thus be decomposed by radicals in US-based systems. Voncina and Majcen-LeMarechal [8] proposed that H 2 O 2 addition accelerates the reaction rate of the US system; however, this study did not support this observation. Most of the H 2 O 2 may be present not inside the cavitation bubbles, rather in the bulk solution, because of its high solubility in water and its low volatility.…”

“…Enhanced degradation of RR198 is difficult to achieve by adding H 2 O 2 to the US system. Voncina and Majcen-Le-Marechal [8] suggested that the effect of H 2 O 2 addition on decolorization depends on the type of dye. The degradation rate of organics typically increases with the H 2 O 2 dosage up to a critical value.…”

“…Any solute or solvent in contact with or inside these cavities in the vapor form undergoes fragmentation that produces free radicals and can be used to degrade toxic compounds. _________________________ The combination of US and O 3 [2], UV [6], TiO 2 [7] or H 2 O 2 [8,9] treatments, for example, is known to be able to increase the decomposition efficiency and reduce the time required for pollutant removal. Relatively few investigations have studied the use of US combined with photocatalytic degradation, except for UV/US/TiO 2 [1, 3,4] and UV/US/O 3 [2].…”

A Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Formaldehyde in Textiles

“…[2] Textiles are often finished with formaldehyde-containing chemicals, which can provide crease resistance, flame retardance, and dimensional stability. [3,4] Its contact directly with human skin may cause an irritant effect on the mucous membrane. If inhaled, emitted formaldehyde may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract.…”

“…If inhaled, emitted formaldehyde may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract. [3,4] A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of formaldehyde in textile samples at low levels is required.…”