Free-Radical Copolymerization of Fullerenes with Styrene

Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications

“…in toluene, dichloromethane or o-dichlorobenzene) were obtained, albeit with a relatively low yield. Furthermore, an enhancement in fluorescence yields by a factor of 10±20, with respect to pure C 60 solutions, was observed for the C 60 -containing copolymer solutions [744,745]. The enhancement in C 60 fluorescence is presumably due to the reduced symmetry of the fullerenes being incorporated into the copolymer structure.…”

Kinetic and ESR studies on radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of fullerene

“…1,2 Recently the high reactivity of C 60 toward radicals has been applied to radical polymerizations in order to prepare copolymers of C 60 and such vinyl monomers as styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-cyanoethyl acrylate. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, there are few kinetic studies on the effect of C 60 on radical polymerization except for short communications on the polymerizations of St 10,15 and MMA. 15,16 C 60 is well-known to serve as an excellent electrophile.…”

Kinetics of Fullerene (C60) Inhibition in Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate (VA) Using Bismuthonium Ylide as Initiator

“…substituting the value of [R * ] from equation (1) into equation (3) we obtain: Assuming bimolecular termination and neglecting the rate of termination of step V, a small amount of fullerene-terminated structure (FTS) of polymer is formed under the experimental conditions, the rate of initiation may be given as The rate law (8) indicates that at high fullerene concentrations rate of polymerization should be proportional to [F] 0.5 , which has been observed experimentally.…”

“…Fullerene (C 60 ), due to its unique properties [1,2], has applications in different fields such as pharmaceuticals [3], automobiles [4], preparation of fullerene-based polymers [5][6][7] and co-polymers [8][9][10]. Fullerene-containing polymeric materials have novel optical [11][12][13] and electro active properties [14][15][16][17][18] and have been used in organic solar cells [19,20].…”

“…There are a number of methods by which fullerene can be inserted into the polymer backbone of common vinyl monomers [8,[22][23][24][25], viz., methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, etc. Fullerene has also been found to act as radical inhibitor/retarder [26][27][28] by reacting with initiator radical and/or by terminating the propagating chains.…”