Free radical scavenging activity and kinetic behavior of the Galgeuntang water extract

Shin, Jeong Mi; Kim, Young Ok; Baek, Seung Hwa

doi:10.3742/opem.2008.8.1.032

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…GGWE is a traditional herbal decoction that has been used to treat common cold, fevers, and inflammatory diseases in China, Japan, and Korea [ 10 , 23 ]. Experimental studies have revealed that GGWE has anti-viral, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and antiadipogenic effects [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 24 , 25 ]. Furthermore, GGWE was shown to reduce inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and NF-κB expression through the inhibition of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated microglial cells [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study demonstrated that GGWE attenuated inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway [ 12 ]. In another study, GGWE exhibited a strong free radical scavenging activity [ 13 ]. In mouse studies, GGWE exhibited therapeutic efficacy in influenza virus infected mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

et al. 2018

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Galgeun-tang water extract (GGWE) is used to treat various diseases such as the common cold, eczema and asthma in China and Korea. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of GGWE using a cigarette smoke (CS)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced induced pulmonary inflammation mouse model. The mice were exposed to CS for a total of seven days (eight cigarettes per day for 1 h) and LPS was administered intranasally to mice on day 4. GGWE was administered by oral gavage at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg 1 h before exposure to CS. GGWE decreased inflammatory cell counts, and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice exposed to CS and LPS. GGWE reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa-B subunit alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in CS- and LPS-exposed mice. Histological examinations revealed that GGWE suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue compared to untreated CS- and LPS-exposed mice. In conclusion, GGWE effectively suppressed CS- and LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Our results indicate that GGWE may be used as a protective drug to control pulmonary inflammation diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

et al. 2018

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“…According to Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2013), puerarin, ephedrine, paeoniflorin, glycyrrhetic acid, and (6)-shogaol are confirmed as marker compounds of GGT. As a result of its anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgesic [2], antioxidant [3], and anti-influenza virus [4] activities, GGT has been used to treat the common cold. In addition, GGT has been reported to modulate atopic dermatitis [5] and chronic rhinosinusitis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evaluation of Acetaminophen–Galgeuntang Interaction Based on Population Approaches

et al. 2020

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Galgeuntang (GGT), a traditional herbal medicine, is widely co-administered with acetaminophen (AAP) for treatment of the common cold, but this combination has not been the subject of investigation. Therefore, we investigated the herb–drug interaction between GGT and AAP by population pharmacokinetics (PKs) modeling and simulation studies. To quantify PK parameters and identify drug interactions, an open label, three-treatment, three-period, one-sequence (AAP alone, GGT alone, and AAP and GGT in combination) clinical trial involving 12 male healthy volunteers was conducted. Ephedrine (EPD), the only GGT component detected, was identified using a one-compartment model. The PKs of AAP were described well by a one-compartment model and exhibited two-phase absorption (rapid followed by slow) and first-order elimination. The model showed that EPD significantly influenced the PKs of AAP. The simulation results showed that at an AAP dose of 1000 mg × 4 times daily, the area under the concentration versus time curve of AAP increased by 16.4% in the presence of GGT compared to AAP only. In conclusion, the PKs of AAP were affected by co-administration of GGT. Therefore, when AAP is combined with GGT, adverse effects related to overdose of AAP could be induced possibly.

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“…Among the traditional herbal formulas, Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang, kakkon-to), Gumiganghwal-tang 4,5) These herbal formulas composed of different crude herbs (Table 1) and commonly exhibits various biochemical activities such antipyretic [6][7][8][9][10][11] and anti-inflammatory 12) effects in common. In addition, GGT has antioxidant 13) and antivirus 14) effects, and SSE and SCRT have antiallergic 15) and antiasthma 16) effects. SCRT also exhibits biological activities such as antiobesity and improvement of lung damage 16) as well as induction of CYP2B, CYP2C and CYP3B activation effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Korean traditional herbal formula for common cold on the activities of human CYP450 isozymes

Jin

Jeong

et al. 2014

J Korean Med

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Most drug interactions are attributed to the inhibition or induction of the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP450). Although the regulation of CYP450s by drugs has been widely reported, there have been few studies on influence of traditional herbal formulas on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Because herbal formulas have been used traditionally to treat various diseases and because herb-drug interactions are crucial factors determining therapeutic efficacies, a systematic evaluation of the effects of herbal formulas is important. Methods: The effects of Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang), Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT, jiuweiqianghuo tang), Insampaedok-san (ISPDS, renshenbaidu powder), Samsoeum (SSE, shensu drink), Socheongryong-tang (SCRT, xiaoqinglong-tang) and Sosiho-tang (SSHT, xiaochaihu tang) that are traditional herbal formulas used to treat common cold, on drug-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated through an in vitro CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 inhibition assay to assess its interaction potential with synthetic drugs. The inhibitory effects of herbal formulas were characterized with IC 50 values. Results: These six herbal formulas inhibited the activities of CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, in a concentrationdependent manner. Among the six herbal formulas, GGT critically inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. GMGHT also inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 to a greater extent than the other CYP450 isozymes. Additionally, SSE and SSHT may change the effects of medicines that depend primarily on the CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 pathways. On the other hand, ISPDS and SCRT were not inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1-mediated metabolism. Conclusions: These findings provide useful information regarding the safety and effectiveness of herbal formulas.

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Free radical scavenging activity and kinetic behavior of the Galgeuntang water extract

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

Galgeun-tang Attenuates Cigarette Smoke and Lipopolysaccharide Induced Pulmonary Inflammation via IκBα/NF-κB Signaling

Clinical Evaluation of Acetaminophen–Galgeuntang Interaction Based on Population Approaches

Effects of Korean traditional herbal formula for common cold on the activities of human CYP450 isozymes

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