Free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) extracts

Abstract

Mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) fruits, leaves, bark and branch have been used in traditional medicine as diuretic, hypoglycemic and hypotensive. The mechanism of their effects is correlated with the content of active components. Objective of this work was to evaluate and compare antioxidant properties of different extracts of two Morus species growing in Serbia: Morus alba L. (white mulberry) and Morus nigra L. (black mulberry). Potential antioxidant activity, content of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and radical scavenging capacity, tested by DPPH method, were evaluated. The phenolic and flavonoid composition of different Morus extracts was determined by the HPLC method. The extracts prepared from fruits, leaves and roots of M. alba and M. nigra exhibited different characteristics. The highest extraction yield was achieved by M. alba leaves extraction (23.40%). M. nigra roots extract shown the highest total phenolics (186.30 mg CAE/g), while highest total flavonoids content (67.37 mg RE/g) was determined for M. nigra leaves extracts. In addition, black mulberry leaves extracts with the highest antioxidant activity had the highest phenolic acids contents. The dominant phenolic components in the samples were rutin and chlorogenic acid. All investigated mulberry dry extracts shown high content of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity. This work contributes to knowledge of the antioxidant properties of Morus species. The obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary supplements and food products

Foodomics for mulberry fruit (Morus spp.): Analytical fingerprint as antioxidants' and health properties' determination tool

“…As in other studies (Arabshahi-Delouee & Urooj, 2007;Radojkovic et al, 2012), results showed that mulberry is very different to other fruits (different PCA group). PCA also confirmed the scientific validity of the pH-differential method for TAC quantification; monomeric anthocyanins, indeed, undergo a reversible structural transformation as a function of pH (colored oxonium form at pH 1.0 and colorless hemiketal form at pH 4.5): PCA graph confirmed the relationship between monomeric anthocyanins and pH showing the anti-correlation between the content of total anthocyanins and the pH-values.…”

Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia

“…Memon et al (2010) reported for the berries of white mulberry that chlorogenic acid was the phenolic compound with the richest content. However, Radojković et al (2012) stated that rutin was the main phenolic compound for white (43.5 mg 100 g −1 ) and black (72.6 mg 100 g −1 ) mulberry species. It is clear that the amount of phenolic content in mulberries varied according to species, genotypes, plant age, cultural and growing conditions, extraction methods, etc.…”

“…Many authors have investigated the phytochemical content of the mulberries grown in different parts of the world including Turkey, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Poland, and Pakistan (Koyuncu 2004;Zadernowski et al 2005;Gungor and Sengul 2008;Ozgen et al 2009;Memon et al 2010;Gundogdu et al 2011;Arfan et al 2012;Mahmood et al 2012;Mikulic-Petkovsek et al 2012;Radojković, et al 2012;Sanchez et al 2014). However, detailed data regarding the sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds of the white and black mulberries are scarce.…”

Peel-off gel formulation from black mulberries (Morus nigra) extract as anti-acne mask

“…[7,8] There are several compounds extracted from black mulberry that possesses antibacterial activity, including 1-arylbenzofuran (Moracin M), stilbenoid oxyresveratrol, morusin, and kuwanon C. [9,10] Due to these constituents, the black mulberry (M. nigra) has potential as an anti-acne agent for facial skin treatment.…”