Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of betanin: Electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells

Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Wagner, Anika E.; Motafakkerazad, Rouhollah; Nakajima, Yu; Matsugo, Seiichi; Rimbach, Gerald

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.08.007

Cited by 154 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Due to the fact that oxidative stress has been associated with muscle damage after eccentric-heavy exercise [14,44], and that beetroot and its constituents have been shown to act as antioxidants [25,29], we hypothesized that BTJ could attenuate muscle damage by protecting cells against oxidative stress. However, our findings do not support this contention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most potent antioxidant molecules in BTJ are thought to be the betalain pigments, which are responsible for beetroot’s violet colour [28]. The betalains, and betanin in particular, are very effective electron donors that have been shown to not only attenuate ROS mediated injury but also to upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes and stimulate host defence [29,30,31,32]. In addition, BTJ is rich in nitrate, which, via its reduction to nitric oxide (NO) might have indirect antioxidant effects by supressing the accumulation of leukocytes [33], which are thought to be the main producers of ROS after muscle-damaging exercise [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

et al. 2016

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This study examined the effects of beetroot juice (BTJ) on recovery between two repeated-sprint tests. In an independent groups design, 20 male, team-sports players were randomized to receive either BTJ or a placebo (PLA) (2 × 250 mL) for 3 days after an initial repeated sprint test (20 × 30 m; RST1) and after a second repeated sprint test (RST2), performed 72 h later. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), reactive strength index (RI), pressure-pain threshold (PPT), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and the ascorbyl free radical (A•−) were measured before, after, and at set times between RST1 and RST2. CMJ and RI recovered quicker in BTJ compared to PLA after RST1: at 72 h post, CMJ and RI were 7.6% and 13.8% higher in BTJ vs. PLA, respectively (p < 0.05). PPT was 10.4% higher in BTJ compared to PLA 24 h post RST2 (p = 0.012) but similar at other time points. No group differences were detected for mean and fastest sprint time or fatigue index. MIVC, or the biochemical markers measured (p > 0.05). BTJ reduced the decrement in CMJ and RI following and RST but had no effect on sprint performance or oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

et al. 2016

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“…In recent years, there has been a particular interest in the biochemical activity of betanin (betanidin 5-O-b-glucoside; chemical structure depicted by Fig. 1), which is the most abundant betacyanin in beetroot (300–600 mg/kg uncooked), and the main constituent of the food colourant E162 [10, 14–16]. As a cationised compound, betanin is a highly effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [14, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans

et al. 2016

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PurposeTo evaluate the plasma bioavailability of betanin and nitric oxide (NOx) after consuming beetroot juice (BTJ) and whole beetroot (BF). BTJ and BF were also analysed for antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content (TPC) and betalain content.MethodsTen healthy males consumed either 250 ml of BTJ, 300 g of BF or a placebo drink, in a randomised, crossover design. Venous plasma samples were collected pre (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h post-ingestion. Betanin content in BTJ, BF and plasma was analysed with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry detection (LCMS). Antioxidant capacity was estimated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and polyphenol content using Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods [gallic acid equivalents (GAE)] and betalain content spectrophotometrically.ResultsTEAC was 11.4 ± 0.2 mmol/L for BTJ and 3.4 ± 0.4 μmol/g for BF. Both BTJ and BF contained a number of polyphenols (1606.9 ± 151 mg/GAE/L and 1.67 ± 0.1 mg/GAE/g, respectively), betacyanins (68.2 ± 0.4 mg/betanin equivalents/L and 19.6 ± 0.6 mg/betanin equivalents/100 g, respectively) and betaxanthins (41.7 ± 0.7 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/L and 7.5 ± 0.2 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/100 g, respectively). Despite high betanin contents in both BTJ (~194 mg) and BF (~66 mg), betanin could not be detected in the plasma at any time point post-ingestion. Plasma NOx was elevated above baseline for 8 h after consuming BTJ and 5 h after BF (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese data reveal that BTJ and BF are rich in phytonutrients and may provide a useful means of increasing plasma NOx bioavailability. However, betanin, the major betalain in beetroot, showed poor bioavailability in plasma.

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“…These high levels of antioxidant activity were associated with high levels of chlorophylls (a & b), carotenoids, betanin and polyphenols, which were known for their pronounced antioxidant activity [24][25][26][27]. Results of the antimicrobial activity outlined in table 5, showed that the tested microorganisms are moderately sensitive to the lyophilized juice (concentration = 100 mg/ml in DMSO) of treatment 4.…”

Section: Biological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of different fertilizers on some phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Beta vulgaris L. leaves

farouk

Mostafa

2017

IJBAS

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Red beet leaves are used in some countries in salads, while others consider them as leftover. Our goal is to conduct field experiment, for two seasons, to evaluate the effect of various combinations of (organic, chemical and bio-/yeast) fertilizers and different harvest dates on some leaves growth parameters, biocostituents and biological activities. The applied fertilizers significantly increased most of the growth parameters compared to control and highest values were produced by 100%chemical fertilizer (2), followed by treatments of 75%biofertilizer (4) and 75%yeast (8). Highest chlorophyll (a&b) and carotenoids contents were recorded by treatments 2, 4 and 8, particularly those of the second stage. Most of the studied fertilizers significantly increased betanin and polyphenolic contents compared to control and highest values were attained by treatments 4 and 8. Maximum values of betanin and polyphenols were reached in the first and third stages, respectively. Additionally, highest antioxidant activity was afforded by leaves of treatments 4 and 8, whereas leaves of treatment 4 provided a broader antimicrobial activity than control. Moreover, the highest cytotoxic activity was exerted by leaves of treatment 4. Finally, it is recommended to harvest beet leaves at the appropriate stage to obtain high growth values and reasonable percentages of bioactive metabolites.

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Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of betanin: Electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies and studies in cultured cells

Cited by 154 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise

The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans

Impact of different fertilizers on some phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Beta vulgaris L. leaves

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