Free‐Standing 3D Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide has achieved rapid development, due to the wide presence in industrial production, everyday life, bioprocess and green energy chemistry, etc. Many three‐dimensional structures have emerged as state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts due to their fascinating structures and electrochemical properties. This review summarizes free‐standing three‐dimensional electrocatalysts based on metal, metal oxide, carbon & silicon, and unconventional materials for detection of hydrogen peroxide with low limit of detection, wide range and fast response. The work also highlights their applications in near neutral conditions, especially their ability for single cell detection and mapping in biological environment. Further exploration into these materials together with devices design will facilitate the development of next‐generation detection technologies toward in situ and real‐time detection and contribute to wearable/portable smart detection electronics.

A versatile reactive oxygen species‐responsive gels sensor for analysis of metabolic species

“…The high responsivity of the nanoferrogel sensor indicates it can be used as a non‐enzymatic platform for H 2 O 2 sensing, a ROS metabolite of significant physiological relevance. The LOD of the nanoferrogel ROS sensor is in the µM range comparable to other fabricated devices reported in the literature (Peng et al, 2019; Shamkhalichenar & Choi, 2020). However, the nanoferrogel ROS sensor has the advantage of flexibility and reusability.…”

3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics

“…One of the unique characteristics of biological signals that occur inside an organism is that they can represent a biological signal of a specific region of complex organs, e.g., the brain, that have different roles and functions depending on the region, while these signals also can indicate an early stage of disease or pain, such as myocardial infarction, caused by partial necrosis inside the organ. [16][17][18][19] Thus, with 2D bioelectrodes, including flexible and stretchable bioelectronics, it is difficult to form a complete conformal biointerface and measure biological signals in the deep regions of organisms due to the limitation of the 2D planar structure. Therefore, in order to form an interface with the internal regions of 3D-structured organisms, bioelectronic engineers attempted to fabricate 3D electrodes, such as 3D MEA for intracellular-like in vitro and in vivo…”

Self-standing 3D nanoporous Ag2Al with abundant surface oxygen species facilitating oxygen electroreduction for efficient hybrid Zn battery

“…Their resistivity was determined to be 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 mX cm, respectively. They could be self-supporting electrodes without adhesive and conductive additives as compared with traditional powderbased electrodes [20,21], which provides significant convenience for direct electrode characterization and device fabrication.…”