Free trade agreements and regional alliances: support from Latin American legislators

Bohigues, Asbel; Otero, José Manuel Rivas

doi:10.1590/0034-7329201900101

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our expectations are similar to those for ideological positions, where the ALBA evaluation, considered as representative of the anti-systemic axis in the region (Briceño, 2013), will positively influence CFK, Rousseff, Morales and Chávez, given that they represent, among others, the local left (Levitsky and Roberts, 2011;Cusak, 2018). On the contrary, we expect opposed effects from the FTA with the US, given that this would represent an open integration axis in Latin American regional integration (Bohigues and Rivas, 2019). We expect the opposite effect for Obama, Santos and Merkel, negative for ALBA and positive for the FTA with the US.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Most of the survey-based assessments on political elites focus on ideological preferences (Inglehart and Kungemann, 1976;Freidenberg et al, 2006;Saiegh, 2009Saiegh, , 2015, democractic attitudes (Putnam, 1973;Higley and Gunther, 1992;Crowther and Matonyte, 2007;Bohigues, 2018Bohigues, , 2021, and, to a lesser extent, political careers, and trajectories (Alcántara, 2011;Cabezas, 2012;Cabezas and Barragán, 2014). Nevertheless, survey-based research on foreign policy preferences, particularly foreign leadership, is still scant (Bohigues and Rivas, 2019;Bohigues and Morgenstern, 2020). The latter usually analyse other types of data, such as public statements or personal communications (Foyle, 1997;O'Reilly, 2007), and studies that rely on surveys (e.g.…”

Section: Perception Of Legislators In Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friend or foe? When political elites evaluate foreign leaders

Otero

Bohigues

2022

Rev. bras. Ci. Soc.

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Leaders are themselves key actors in international relations; in recent years, Hugo Chávez and Pope Francis have had an expressive impact beyond their respective traditional influence areas. Why do such leaders display this kind of popularity? More importantly, how do political elites perceive them? This paper aims to identify, employing evidence from eighteen Latin American parliaments, what drives political elite evaluations of a variety of notorious leaders in the last decade. To determine which factors are behind their evaluations, we rely on a friend-foe approach of politics, as measured by the ideological distance between the legislator her/himself and the leader. The results point that this friend-foe logic is the main predictor when it comes to the evaluation of elites by elites in the international arena.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Perception Of Legislators In Foreign Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe? When political elites evaluate foreign leaders

Otero

Bohigues

2022

Rev. bras. Ci. Soc.

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“…The Negative List of the most influential FTAs and BITs in the US has become a typical template for countries to conclude investment treaties.Considering different national conditions, the US and EU have different considerations on the flexibility of Negative Lists. For example, bilateral investment agreements signed by the US and Latin American countries allow Latin American countries to retain preferential treatment for small and medium-sized enterprises,and are not bound by national provisions (Bohigues and Rivas, 2019). The EU supports further liberalization of trade and investment in services.…”

Section: Overall Comparison Of the Negative Lists Between The Eu And Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

International practice analysis of the negative list: Chinese Example of shipping market access

Shi

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The international shipping industry is unique and important. The negative list related to the opening up of the shipping industry is an important part of the reform and innovation of China’s pilot free trade zones. In recent years, as countries around the world continue to promote the process of opening up in the fields of trade and services, the negative list system has been used more in international investment and trade agreements. In the field of International Shipping, how to correctly grasp and apply the negative list system is an important topic. Starting with the general concept of the negative list system of shipping market access, this paper reviews and summarizes the developmental processes of the negative list of foreign capital market access in the shipping field since the establishment of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. It compares and analyzes the international contracting practice of the European Union and the United States as reflected in the negative list of shipping market access. It equally points out that the system connection between the negative list still existing in China’s shipping field and the international high standard negative list is not enough. It argues that the transparency of the negative list still needs to be further strengthened, as the rules behind the list and the awareness of its risk prevention are weak. In view of these hitches, this paper makes some suggestions that are tilted towards improving the negative list system of China’s shipping market access. It also continues the optimization of the negative list of shipping market access and the improvement of a conscious awareness aimed at avoiding the possible risks of the negative list. Finally, it makes a strong argument for a continuous improvement of China’s international shipping competitiveness.

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“…Para el caso de Santos, esperaríamos encontrar efectos nulos en las tres primeras variables, puesto que Santos se ha movido entre el uribismo y la izquierda colombiana, pero esperamos los mismos efectos que en Uribe para las variables sobre Estados Unidos y la alba. Al fin y al cabo, durante la presidencia de Santos Colombia siguió integrando el eje de integración regional abierta (Bohigues y Rivas, 2019). Para ambos casos esperamos un efecto negativo de la distancia ideológica: a mayor distancia del diputado respecto del presidente (enemigo) la valoración será peor, y a menor distancia (amigo) la valoración será mejor.…”

Section: Abordaje Metodológicounclassified

Profesionalización de las élites parlamentarias en Colombia (1998-2022)

Pérez¹,

Barragán²

2022

El Congreso Habla

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El objetivo de este capítulo es analizar los procesos de profesionalización de las élites parlamentarias en Colombia durante el período comprendido entre 1998 y 2022. A partir de los datos disponibles en el marco del Proyecto de Élites Parlamentarias de América Latina de la Universidad de Salamanca, este trabajo describe los procesos de formación, socialización política y experiencia de los parlamentarios colombianos, analizando los diferentes estadios de toda carrera política: entrada, desarrollo y eventual salida. Mediante estos datos se establecerán los perfiles de profesionalización que se contextualizarán en los diferentes períodos de la historia legislativa reciente de Colombia.

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Free trade agreements and regional alliances: support from Latin American legislators

Abstract: • Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto e distribuído sob os termos da Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons, que permite uso irrestrito, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Friend or foe? When political elites evaluate foreign leaders

Friend or foe? When political elites evaluate foreign leaders

International practice analysis of the negative list: Chinese Example of shipping market access

Profesionalización de las élites parlamentarias en Colombia (1998-2022)

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