“…The analytical and experimental results highlighted that the natural frequency of the cracked beam decreased as the crack grew. Several studies have been performed to investigate the dynamic response of a cracked beam by using a spring stiffness model derived based on fracture mechanics [ 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 41 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. However, the torsional spring model can only represent the shallow cracks.…”