Freelance in Four Countries of the Western Balkans

Abstract

In this paper, the authors analyze the advantages and limitations of freelancing in four countries of Western Balkan. This work is based on the research with a total sample of 1031 respondents; 408 respondents from Serbia, 201 from Montenegro, 221 from North Macedonia, and 201 from Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the needs of the research, a special questionnaire was constructed and conducted by an electronic survey. The first goal of the research is to describe the functioning of freelancers in four countries, and the second is to describe the similarities and differences between countries of Western Balkan. In general, freelancers in all four countries have positive attitudes towards freelancing, although there are differences between them. Freelancers are especially satisfied with their income, and in Bosnia and Herzegovina with flexible working hours. No statistically significant differences were found among freelancers from four countries of Western Balkan in the structure of jobs they have worked in the last two years, nor in the assessment of the positive effects of new technologies on new forms of employment. They do not differ either in understanding that the work in the "Gig Economy" had less negative than positive effects on their private lives and in the fact that there are no differences in the assessment of the positive effects of freelance on the quality of life. They are no differences in terms of the proposed measures to improve the position of workers in the "Gig Economy". Unfortunately, there are also no differences in basic social rights (lack of health, disability, and pension insurance). The most significant differences have been noted between freelancers from Montenegro and freelancers from the other three countries. Freelancers from Montenegro see less positive contributions working in the "Gig Economy" than others, and they significantly more often believe that the "Gig Economy" can’t reduce unemployment and prevent brain drain abroad. The authors explain the negative attitudes of freelancers from Montenegro towards their work in the "Gig Economy" with the lower prevalence of freelancers, poorer job structure, and lower income with an unfavorable socioeconomic status.

The relationship between working in the “gig” economy and perceived subjective well-being in Western Balkan countries

“…Furthermore, the study acknowledged the benefits of working from home and found that the main motivators for respondents starting home-based businesses were better work-life balance, a higher possibility of earning a better income, and a good business idea. Similarly, a study conducted among participants of the “gig” economy in the WBC region shows that good income and flexibility of time schedules are the most important motivators for people engaged in this way ( Borislav et al, 2022 ), with freelancing cutting across all ages and education levels, and giving much greater independence and autonomy to the workers, thus enabling higher satisfaction in working from home as mentioned previously ( Đukanović et al, 2022 ).…”

The Impact of the State Regulation System on the Income of Freelancers

“…The authors believe that freelancing cannot solve the state's unemployment and brain drain problems. The researchers attributed this dissatisfaction with earnings to poor job structure, lower incomes, and unfavorable socioeconomic status (Banovic et al, 2022). Having considered all the above-mentioned factors influencing the wages of freelancers, the researchers Radic V., Blagoyevic M.M., Markovic M.R.…”