Freely-Paced Walking In Healthy Adults Does Not Meet Minimum Intensity Guidelines For Health Improvement

Carstensen, C; Brown, GA; Shaw, Ina; Shaw, BS

doi:10.4314/ajpherd.v14i2.24801

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In conclusion, this study found that using a 16-week LCHFD on its own or in conjunction with physical activity does not have any effect on the measured hematologic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. While research has previously suggested that both dietary factors and habitual physical activity influence the hemostatic system, this study novelly and importantly, demonstrates that the current popular recommendation of LCHFD may not be useful in type 2 diabetics and 10000 steps may be of insufficient intensity to improve hematologic parameters in type 2 diabetics (57). In clinical situations, until further research is forthcoming on the effect of LCHFDs and/or selfselected intensity exercise recommendations (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can result in micro- and macrovascular complications and is complicated by an impaired healing process. Research suggests that both dietary factors and habitual physical activity influence the hemostatic system through several pathways. Objectives: The study attempted to investigate if a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHFD), on its own or in conjunction with physical activity, could alter hematologic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants (n = 39; 31 - 71 y.) were assigned into three groups, which included either a 16 week continuous physical activity program with the consumption of an LCHFD (ExDG) (n = 13; 41 - 71 y), consuming only a LCHFD group (DietG) (n = 13; 31 - 71 y.), or a control group (ConG) (n = 13; 44 - 69 y). Participants in the ExDG were advised only to consume a diet high in fat and not consume more than 50 g of carbohydrates per day. Furthermore, participants had to walk a minimum of 10000 steps per day. The DietG were instructed to only consume a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates, where the ConG continued with their normal daily routine. Results: No significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and C-reactive protein following ExDG, DietG or in the ConG. Conclusions: A LCHFD on its own or in conjunction with physical activity does not have any effect on the measured hematologic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. This may be due to the current popular recommendation of LCHFD not being useful in type 2 diabetics and 10000 steps being of insufficient intensity to improve hematologic parameters in type 2 diabetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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“…In terms of the concurrent group, the administration of physical activity may have influenced the dietary effects (if any) through different molecular mechanisms mediating adaptation ( Shaw et al., 2009 ). Further, increasing evidence is demonstrating that freely-paced walking, as in the case of self-selected intensity for 10000 steps, does not meet minimum intensity guidelines for health improvement and/or changes in body composition ( Carstensen et al., 2008 ). The aerobic mode of exercise selected in the present study may also not have been ideal to optimise body composition changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the present study made use of food records and physical activity logbooks, such outpatient studies are difficult to interpret mechanistically because it is not currently possible to accurately measure adherence to the recommended diets and physical activity programmes since such instruments rely on self-report and have been demonstrated to be biased ( Winkler, 2005 ). However, although there are many problems with using self-report measures, they will continue to be a popular methodology until alternative, cost-effective and sensitive objective means of assessing outpatient dietary intake and physical activity become available ( Carstensen et al., 2008 ; Winkler, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing a proof of concept for the effects of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHFD) and physical activity on body composition in type 2 diabetes

Breukelman

Basson

Djarova

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Overweight and obesity are both a risk factor for developing and exacerbating type 2 diabetes (T2D). While the most common diet used to treat overweight and obesity focus on high-carbohydrate, low-fat, energy deficit diets, recently, low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHFD) have become popular in targeting obesity. This proof-of-concept study attempted to determine if an LCHFD could improve body composition variables, or if a concurrent treatment of LCHFD and physical activity would create an interference effect in individuals with T2D. Overweight and obese with T2D (n = 39) were assigned into either a 16-week combined physical activity and LCHFD group (ConG), LCHFD-only group (DieG) or control group (NonG). No statistically significant (p > 0.01) changes were found in body mass in the ConG (2.0%, F = 0.039, P = 0.846) and DieG (2.5%, F = 0.188, P = 0.669); for body mass index in the ConG (2.2%, F = 0.046, P = 0.832) and DieG (2.3%, F = 0.098, P = 0.758.); and waist-to-hip ratio in the ConG (0%, F = 0.002, P = 0.968) and DieG (0%, F = 0.023, P = 0.882). However, clinically significant changes were observed in HbA1c in the ConG male group (23% decrease); percentage body fat for the ConG (16.7%, F = 1.682, P = 0.208, g = 0.534) and DieG (13.0%, F = 0.638, P = 0435, g = 0.361); for waist circumferences in the ConG (5.4%, F = 0.686, P = 0.416, g = 0.341) and DieG (6.3%, F = 1.327, P = 0.264, g = 0.520); and for hip circumference in the ConG (5.8%, F = 0.993, P = 0.329, g = 0.410) and DieG (7.0%, F = 2.668, P = 0.119, g = 0.737). Results indicate that moderate clinically significant changes in body composition are achievable with LCHFD and/or daily walking in obese adults living with T2D. However, more robust research is required to determine the effects of LCHFD, with or without concurrent physical activity, on obesity and other diabetic complication markers.

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“…Even in LMICs, walking (either as part of the structured exercise or as active forms of transportation) and step counting for 6500 -10000 steps per day is one of the most popular recommendations to presumably meet the recommendations to accumulate 150 minutes of physical activity per week (16,17). This is despite this mode of exercise consistently being demonstrated to not meet minimum intensity guidelines for health improvement (18). This is problematic in that evidence indicates that resistance training effects are equal to and sometimes superior to that of cardiorespiratory training (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Training as a Countermeasure for Key Non-communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: A Review

Shaw

2020

Asian J Sports Med

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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 60% of global deaths. Of these NCD-attributable deaths, about 80% are in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). The role of exercise in major NCDs is evident; however, popular and cost-effective aerobic modes of exercise, such as walking, consistently do not meet minimum intensity guidelines for health improvement. Interestingly, low-cost resistance training (using callisthenics, Pilates, elastic tubing, etc.) has proven equally effective to conventional resistance training using weight machines in improving several health parameters related to NCDs, although their effectiveness in LMICs is not as well documented as in high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: This review aimed to examine low-cost approaches of resistance training to health promotion, NCD risk reduction, and NCD rehabilitation/management to mitigate the epidemic of NCDs in lower-resource settings. Methods: An electronic search was performed on the following databases from inception until December 2019: PubMed/Medline, Sport Discuss, Embase, Science Direct, Current Contents, CISTI Source, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL EBM Reviews, and international e-catalogues. Results: Data on resistance training provision cost in low-resource settings indicates that it is not reasonable to use this mode of training in low-resource settings in the same way as it is used in high-resource ones. This review summarized some strategies which can be employed to ensure the delivery of all core resistance training components in low-resource settings. The data suggests that resistance training be adapted for delivery in non-clinical settings in LMICs. Conclusions: Program design variables of resistance training are similar in low- and well-resourced settings. However, only individuals with low-risk will be able to perform exercise without adverse consequences in home-based settings. Health care practitioners in LMICs should take an active role in promoting resistance training when promoting health, reducing NCD risk, and NCD rehabilitation.

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Freely-Paced Walking In Healthy Adults Does Not Meet Minimum Intensity Guidelines For Health Improvement

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Establishing a proof of concept for the effects of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHFD) and physical activity on body composition in type 2 diabetes

Resistance Training as a Countermeasure for Key Non-communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: A Review

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