Freeze-Dried Royal Jelly Proteins Enhanced the Testicular Development and Spermatogenesis in Pubescent Male Mice

Abstract

Simple SummarySpermatogenesis and hormones secretions are serious life-threating and complicated process, which can be improve through science-based approaches. Royal jelly is a thick white milky fluid secreted by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of young nurse worker bees (Apis mellifera) and used to feed their queen to expand their life. The results of the study revealed that, the growth performance of testis in exposed mice to freeze-dried Royal Jelly for 35 consecutive days were significantly enhanced in moderate dose among other treated doses. However, at Post Natal Days (PNDs 14 and PNDs 21), obviously changes were observed in histological examination of the testis while at PNDs-07 no major changes were observed. The Tunnel assay showed that, less apoptotic cells were detected in the testis of mice in high dose of freeze-dried RJ and oral administration of freeze-dried royal jelly can aggravate adverse effects via tempestuous on sexual hormone secretion at both PNDs 21 and PNDs 35 respectively.AbstractSpermatogenesis and hormones secretions are crucial endocrine and physiological process for maintaining the life. Royal Jelly (RJ) bioactive components are Major Royal Jelly Proteins (MRJPs), owing exceptional biological properties. However, the effects of RJ on pup’s testicular development during neonatal and pubertal period exposure hasn’t been adequately studied. The aim of the study was to detect neonatal sexual hormones concentration and histopathological changes on testicular development of the male progeny after oral exposure to freeze-dried RJ for 35 consecutive days. After mice give birth, male pups were collected together, separated by sex, and randomly standardized to seven (7) male pups per dam. Male pups were assigned to control diet (CON group), low dose RJ (L-RJ group) diet (control diet + 125 mg/kg/day RJ), moderate dose RJ (M-RJ group) diet (control diet + 250 mg/kg/day RJ) and high dose of RJ (H-RJ group) diet (control diet + 500 mg/kg/day RJ). After weaning, male pups were continuously fed with freeze-dried RJ until the age of PNDs 35. The results revealed that, oral M-RJ (250 mg/kg/day) administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased the testis weight, the diameter of seminiferous tubule and the height of seminiferous epithelium of offspring mice at PNDs 14. However, high-dose RJ (500 mg/kg/day) decreased the diameter of seminiferous tubule but increased the height of seminiferous epithelium of male offspring (p < 0.05) at the same time point. Furthermore, oral M-RJ treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the testis weight and spermatogenesis at PNDs 21. Whereas, oral H-RJ treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the diameter of seminiferous tubule and the height of seminiferous epithelium at PNDs 21. At PNDs 35, oral M-RJ treatment increased the testis weight, the diameter of seminiferous tubule and the level of FSH. While, high-dose of RJ reduced testis weight and size (diameter of seminiferous tubule and height of seminiferous epithelium), ratio of apoptotic germ cells an...

Improving Reproductive Performance and Health of Mammals Using Honeybee Products

“…Royal jelly also produced many beneficial effects on male reproductive performance in mammals. As indicated by studies conducted on adult male rats [23,[26][27][28] and rabbits [22,29,30], royal jelly enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, sperm quality traits, and libido of treated males. Interestingly, royal jelly contains acetylcholine (1 mg/g dry weight), a peripheral and central neurotransmitter.…”

Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice

“…The seminiferous epithelial height was defined as the shortest distance between the germ cell, which was closest to the center of the lumen and the basement membrane. The methods of measurement were followed by previous study [41].…”

“…Briefly, the score applies a grade from 0 to 5 to each tubule cross section according to the following criteria: Table 1. Staging method was formed for observation based on previous studies [41,42].…”

Role of sphingolipid metabolites in the homeostasis of steroid hormones and the maintenance of testicular functions

“…It is specifically synthesized in steroid-producing tissues through a series of multistep reactions under the catalysis of monooxygenase and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase superfamily members (20)(21)(22)(23). It plays a very important regulatory role in maintaining testicular functions (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Many sphingolipid metabolites can regulate the signaling pathways of steroid production, through acting as a second messenger in the signaling cascade to participate in the regulation of reproductive functions (5,15,17,(27)(28)(29).…”