Freezing Tolerance of Selected Pennisetum Species

Stair, David W.; Dahmer, Mark L.; Bashaw, E. C.; Hussey, M. A.

doi:10.1086/297578

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These two species, introduced from Africa, frequently occur in lawns or on roadsides and are drought-tolerant (Percival 1977; Robinson and Whalley 1991). Similar results were reported in winter-hardy genotypes of C 4 species in the southern USA; leaves of Pennisetum ciliare , Pennisetum flaccidum , and Pennisetum mezianum , which are very drought-tolerant perennials and can spread in dry years (Tellman, 2002), displayed increasing freezing resistance when they were grown in a low-temperature chamber of 10/5 °C for 4 weeks (Stair et al , 1998). The results reported here demonstrate that some C 4 grass species from the Mongolian Plateau, which are drought tolerant and frequently occur in roadside or dry, rocky habitats (Table 1), also have the potential to acclimate to frost during the growing season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Previous studies have suggested that only a few C 4 grass species have the capability for developing cold acclimation during exposure to chilling, thereby increasing leaf resistance to subsequent freezing events (e.g. Rowley, 1976; Stair et al , 1998), but the underlying mechanisms of this response have not been reported. Despite its operation in some C 4 grass species, most do not develop cold acclimation and have minimal resistance to freezing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf cold acclimation and freezing injury in C3 and C4 grasses of the Mongolian Plateau

Liu

Osborne

2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The scarcity of C4 plants in cool climates is usually attributed to their lower photosynthetic efficiency than C3 species at low temperatures. However, a lower freezing resistance may also decrease the competitive advantage of C4 plants by reducing canopy duration, especially in continental steppe grasslands, where a short, hot growing season is bracketed by frost events. This paper reports an experimental test of the hypothesis that cold acclimation is negligible in C4 grasses, leading to greater frost damage than in C3 species. The experiments exposed six C3 and three C4 Mongolian steppe grasses to 20 d chilling or control pre-treatments, followed by a high-light freezing event. Leaf resistance to freezing injury was independent of photosynthetic type. Three C3 species showed constitutive freezing resistance characterized by <20% leaf mortality, associated with high photosynthetic carbon fixation and electron transport rates and low leaf osmotic potential. One freezing-sensitive C4 species showed the expected pattern of chilling-induced damage to photosynthesis and >95% leaf mortality after the freezing event. However, three C3 and two C4 species displayed a cold acclimation response, showing significant decreases in osmotic potential and photosynthesis after exposure to chilling, and a 30–72% reduction of leaf freezing injury. This result suggested that down-regulation of osmotic potential may be involved in the cold acclimation process, and demonstrated that there is no inherent barrier to the development of cold acclimation in C4 species from this ecosystem. Cold acclimation via osmoregulation represents a previously undescribed mechanism to explain the persistence of C4 plants in cool climates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf cold acclimation and freezing injury in C3 and C4 grasses of the Mongolian Plateau

Liu

Osborne

2008

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…, Hussey and Bashaw ), and it has been shown to have a freezing tolerance around ~°C (Stair et al. ). Additionally, there is evidence that extremely high temperatures are lethal to buffelgrass (Cox et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter temperatures have been observed to control where buffelgrass can occur, predominate, and spread (Cox et al 1988, Hussey andBashaw 1996), and it has been shown to have a freezing tolerance around~°C (Stair et al 1998). Additionally, there is evidence that extremely high temperatures are lethal to buffelgrass (Cox et al 1988, Barrera andCastellanos 2007); locations with these high temperatures did not occur in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting an invasive species’ distribution with global distribution data, local data, and physiological information

et al. 2018

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Understanding invasive species distributions and potential invasions often requires broad‐scale information on the environmental tolerances of the species. Further, resource managers are often faced with knowing these broad‐scale relationships as well as nuanced environmental factors related to their landscape that influence where an invasive species occurs and potentially could occur. Using invasive buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), we developed global models and local models for Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA, based on location records and literature on physiological tolerances to environmental factors to investigate whether environmental relationships of a species at a global scale are also important at local scales. In addition to correlative models with five commonly used algorithms, we also developed a model using a priori user‐defined relationships between occurrence and environmental characteristics based on a literature review. All correlative models at both scales performed well based on statistical evaluations. The user‐defined curves closely matched those produced by the correlative models, indicating that the correlative models may be capturing mechanisms driving the distribution of buffelgrass. Given climate projections for the region, both global and local models indicate that conditions at Saguaro National Park may become more suitable for buffelgrass. Combining global and local data with correlative models and physiological information provided a holistic approach to forecasting invasive species distributions.

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“…Kharrat-Souissi et al (2013) recently reported tetraploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid buffelgrass populations in Tunisia. These accessions possessed several unique traits, including cold tolerance (Hignight et al, 1991;Hussey and Bashaw, 1996;Stair et al, 1998). The ploidy level of 568 buffelgrass accessions in the USDA-ARS NPGS recently was determined using flow cytometry and the levels ranged from tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36) to septaploid (2n = 7x = 63) and included a range of aneuploids (Burson et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity among Pentaploid Buffelgrass Accessions

et al. 2015

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Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link (syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.)], an important pasture and range grass in the arid semi‐tropics and tropics, has excellent drought‐tolerance but lacks winter hardiness. It is a polymorphic, apomictic species and its most common chromosome number is 2n = 4x = 36. Eighty‐six pentaploid (2n = 5x = 45) accessions from South Africa were deposited into the USDA National Germplasm System (NPGS) in 1976 and these were more winter‐hardy than all tetraploid accessions. Prior to 1976, only 31 pentaploids were in the NPGS but they lacked cold tolerance. Since 1976, ten pentaploid accessions with unknown cold tolerance have been added to the NPGS and they were included. The genetic diversity among all these pentaploid accessions was investigated to determine if the winter‐hardy and non‐winter‐hardy genotypes were distinct. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the accessions. Ten primer combinations generated 862 polymorphic bands; the number of bands identified by each primer ranged from 74 to 117 (mean 93.4). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed two groups with one separating into two sub‐groups and one sub‐group separating into two subdivisions. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.39 to 0.98 (mean 0.74). These findings show considerable genetic diversity among the pentaploid accessions. Most cold‐tolerant and non‐cold‐tolerant genotypes separated by subgroups but not by group. Nine tetraploid accessions, included for reference, clustered into several subgroups. The pentaploid genotypes appear to have polyphyletic origins.

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Freezing Tolerance of Selected Pennisetum Species

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Leaf cold acclimation and freezing injury in C3 and C4 grasses of the Mongolian Plateau

Leaf cold acclimation and freezing injury in C3 and C4 grasses of the Mongolian Plateau

Forecasting an invasive species’ distribution with global distribution data, local data, and physiological information

Genetic Diversity among Pentaploid Buffelgrass Accessions

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