Frequency Analysis and Masking

Moore, Brian C. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012505626-7/50007-8

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The complementary equivalent rectangular bandwidths for the longest and shortest 4 kHz masker durations were 57 and 375 Hz, respectively. In all cases, both signal and masker spectral splatter fell within the auditory filter centered at 4 kHz (equivalent rectangular bandwidth of 457 Hz, using the equation in Moore, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

2014

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The mammalianauditorysystemincludesabrainstem-mediatedefferentpathwayfromthesuperiorolivarycomplexbywayofthemedialolivocochlear system,whichreducesthecochlearresponsetosound (WarrandGuinan,1979;Libermanetal.,1996).Thehumanmedialolivocochlearresponsehasan onsetdelayofbetween25and40msandriseanddecayconstantsintheregionof280and160ms,respectively(BackusandGuinan,2006).Physiological studies with nonhuman mammals indicate that onset and decay characteristics of efferent activation are dependent on the temporal and level characteristics of the auditory stimulus (Bacon and Smith, 1991; Guinan and Stankovic, 1996). This study uses a novel psychoacoustical masking technique usingaprecursorsoundtoobtainameasureoftheefferenteffectinhumans.Thistechniqueavoidsconfoundscurrentlyassociatedwithotherpsychoacousticalmeasures.Bothtemporalandleveldependencyoftheefferenteffectwasmeasured,providingacomprehensivemeasureoftheeffectofhuman auditoryefferentsoncochleargainandcompression.Resultsindicatethataprecursor(Ͼ20dBSPL)inducedefferentactivation,resultinginadecrease in both maximum gain and maximum compression, with linearization of the compressive function for input sound levels between 50 and 70 dB SPL. Estimatedgaindecreasedasprecursorlevelincreased,andincreasedasthesilentintervalbetweentheprecursorandcombinedmasker-signalstimulus increased, consistent with a decay of the efferent effect. Human auditory efferent activation linearizes the cochlear response for mid-level sounds while reducing maximum gain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

2014

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“…Psychophysical studies have shown that human perception of the frequency contents of sounds for speech signals does not follow a linear scale [20]. Thus for each tone with an actual frequency f , measured in Hertz, a subjective pitch is measured on a scale called the Mel Scale [21,22,20]. The Mel-frequency scale has linear frequency spacing below 1000 Hz and a logarithmic spacing above 1 KHz as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Speech Independent Speaker Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Verification by Combining Speech and Face Biometrics in Video

Naseem¹,

Mian

2008

Advances in Visual Computing

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Abstract. In this paper, physiological biometrics from face are combined with behavioral biometrics from speech in video to achieve robust user authentication. The choice of biometrics is motivated by user convenience and robustness to forgery as it is hard to simultaneously forge these two biometrics. We used the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients for text-independent speaker recognition and local scale invariant features for video-based face recognition. Results of the two classifiers were fused using a weighted sum rule and an equal error rate of 0.6% was achieved on the VidTIMIT audio-visual database. We also performed identification experiments and achieved a combined identification rate of 99.13% on the same database.

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“…Because of this effect, even in the absence of hearing loss, older adults often complain that they can hear speech but find it difficult to follow information in the presence of noise [5] . This grievance is even more common in older adults who suffer from hearing loss [4] . The most common type of hearing loss seen in older adults is sensorineural hearing loss, in which dysfunction is noted in the cochlear system and/or in the neural system [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a realistic environment, noise always accompanies speech, resulting in a deleterious effect on spectral parameters [2] ; also, noise obscures temporal modulation depth [3] . It is well established that temporal asynchrony is observed in older adults [4] ; the deleterious effect of noise degrades the temporal envelope and spectral content of speech, resulting in poor perception. Because of this effect, even in the absence of hearing loss, older adults often complain that they can hear speech but find it difficult to follow information in the presence of noise [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common type of hearing loss seen in older adults is sensorineural hearing loss, in which dysfunction is noted in the cochlear system and/or in the neural system [6] . Hearing loss in these systems reduces vibration of the basilar membrane due to loss of sensory receptors [4] , which leads to wider auditory filters [7,8] . Thus, high intensity is required to reach the threshold of audibility where adjacent frequencies are stimulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of Deep Band Modulated Consonants in Quiet and Noise in Older Individuals with and Without Hearing Loss

Shetty¹,

Kooknoor²

2016

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of temporal envelope enhancement using deep band modulation (DBM) on consonant identification scores (CIS) and transfer of features such as place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing. MATERIALS and METHODS:Data were collected from four groups of ten participants each. These were grouped into younger (YNH) and older adult (ONH) individuals with normal hearing and younger (YHI) and older adult (OHI) individuals with hearing impairment who had mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The CIS and transfer features for 21 vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) syllables in unprocessed and DBM conditions with quiet and noise were obtained from each participant. RESULTS:The results showed that consonant identification scores (CIS) in DBM conditions was significantly better than in unprocessed conditions in quiet and at 5 dB and 10 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). This was true in each group. Voicing was transmitted better than other features in each condition for all the groups except for the YHI group, for whom place of articulation was conveyed best in unprocessed conditions and manner of articulation was transmitted best in DBM conditions. Furthermore, in the YHI, ONH, and OHI groups, manner of articulation was conveyed better than place of articulation in both unprocessed and DBM conditions. CONCLUSION:At reduced SNRs, cues from DBM enabled the listener to repeat the heard VCV syllables. The effect of aging and the combined effects of aging and hearing loss are partly lessened by DBM through enhancement of the manner of articulation in VCV syllables.

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Frequency Analysis and Masking

Cited by 74 publications

References 94 publications

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

User Verification by Combining Speech and Face Biometrics in Video

Recognition of Deep Band Modulated Consonants in Quiet and Noise in Older Individuals with and Without Hearing Loss

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