Frequency Analysis of the Effects of Shoe Cushioning on Dynamic Shock in Running

Effect of Running Speed and Aerobic Dance Jump Height on Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

“…The mean for 0 cm height or lowimpact dance movement was not included in the regression for height' to accommodate (Dufek & Bates, 1990;Lees, 1981;McNitt-Gray, 1991;McNitt-Gray, Barbieri, Anderson, & Irvine, 1991). In running at 3.83 m/s, peak lower leg accelerations are typically 7-8 g with mean frequency components of 2U-25 Hz, and peak skull accelerations Ne 2-3 E with a mean frequency of 3.5 Hz (Shorten;Valiant, & Cooper, 1986;Valiant, 1990). The magnitude and frequency of an impact shock are attenuated by bone and soft tissue between the lower leg and head.…”

The measurement of tibial acceleration in runners—A review of the factors that can affect tibial acceleration during running and evidence-based guidelines for its use

“…Initial research reported substantial reductions in the high frequency components of TA while running in footwear with a midsole, over barefoot conditions. The power spectral density of frequency components above 20 Hz were directly related to shoe midsole hardness [68]. Subsequent studies have shown, that despite some shoes demonstrating significantly reduced cushioning properties when mechanically drop tested [112], no difference in peak TA across various conventional thickness EVA footwear conditions were found [81,112] (Table 2).…”

“…Variations or changes in peak TA observed in the time domain may be a result of changes in low or high frequency bands, or changes in the resonant frequency of the mounting system [67]. These additional signal analysis approaches have been used to provide a more thorough characterisation of the signal components in a range of running studies [15,[68][69][70].…”

Contemporary Review: The Foot and Ankle in Long-Distance Running

“…It has been reported that increased peak ground reaction forces and peak loading rates are important considerations and may be potentially harmful to the runner. 25 , 44 , 70 , 91 - 93 , 112 The externally measured peak vertical ground reaction force with walking and running is approximately 1 to 1.5 times body weight for walking and 2 to 2.9 times body weight for running. 79 Meanwhile, the joint reaction force across the ankle joint with walking and running is up to 5 times body weight and 13 times body weight, respectively.…”