Frequency and Etiology of Zygomatic Complex Fractures in Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi

Abstract

Aim: To determine the frequency and etiology of zygomatic complex fractures in oral and maxillofacial trauma patients. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial department on 116 patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Frequency and etiology of zygomatic complex fractures in these patients were determined. Frequencies and percentages were used for categorical data while mean and SD was calculated for numerical data. Chi Square test for applied for association between categorical data. Results: Mean age of the patients was 31.52±8.19. The frequency of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures in our study was 64 (29.3%). Most common etiology was traffic accident 16 (47.1%) followed by fall from height 11 (32.4%). Conclusion: Traffic accident was the leading etiological factor of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Age groups of 20 to 30 years is the most vulnerable age group for zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Keywords: Etiology, Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures, Oral and Maxillofacial trauma

Spectrum of Zygomatic Complex Fracture at a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

“…Various studies revealed higher incidence of ZMC fracture in male population ranging from 65-95%. [1][2][3][4]11 This may be due to involvement of male in outdoor activities related to jobs, sports, violence and substance abuse etc. 74.43%) in their study, which might be due to over speeding, non-enforcement of traffic laws, unplanned urbanization, not wearing protective gear.…”

“…4,17 Epistaxis is mainly due to nasal injury which is most common associated loco regional injury in this study and nasal bone fracture is most common facial bone fracture followed by ZMC fracture. 2,6,9,18,19 Epistaxis may also result from sinus bleeding for which proper evaluation and management is needed.…”

“…Zygomatic bone fracture also termed as Zygomatic complex (ZMC) fracture is second most common fracture of facial bone after nasal bone fractures, ranging 20-25% due to its prominence. 1,2 These fractures accompany other facial fractures, sometime exist isolated and also with systemic injuries. 3 Etiology includes Road Traffic Accident (RTA), physical assault, sports injury, industrial injury, war.…”

“…3 Etiology includes Road Traffic Accident (RTA), physical assault, sports injury, industrial injury, war. [1][2][3][4] ZMC fracture is common in young male, commonly presents with pain, periorbital ecchymosis, trismus, flattening of cheek, epistaxis. 5 Its diagnosis is confirmed by CT scan of maxillofacial region.…”

“…1,5 Management strategies differs according to surgeon ranging from conservative treatment to open reduction and multiple point fixation which depends on factors like age, sex, clinical findings, associated regional and systemic condition, type of fracture, socio-economic status of patients. [2][3][4]6 The purpose of this study was to evaluate various clinical and other preoperative spectrums of ZMC fracture which might aware different level of readers for developing strategies in prevention and management.…”