Frequency of ABO-Rhesus Blood Groups in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Alzahrani, Faisal; Shaikh, Saeed Sattar; Rasheed, Muzaheed A.

doi:10.4197/med.25-1.2

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although group O is the most among ABO groups in the population of this study, as seen in daily practice and in the literature [ 30 ], it was less represented in COVID-19 positive patients. This finding was reported in a previous study [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Clinical and hematologic presentations of adults with COVID-19 patients in Jeddah: A case control study

Kamel

Magadmi

Alqutub

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical features of COVID-19 were mentioned in previous studies. However, risk factors for COVID-19 are not fully recognized. The aim of this study is to characterize risk factors and clinical features of COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective, chart-review, case-control study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data on patients diagnosed between March 18 and May 18, 2020 were collected and analyzed. Results We reviewed medical records on 297 suspected cases of COVID-19. Of these, 175 (59%) tested positive for COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and considered as cases, while 122 (41%) tested negative and considered as control. COVID-19 positive cases were more likely to be males, and non-health care providers. Hypertension (15%), diabetes (10%) and two or more concurrent comorbidities (54.4%) were more prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Patients presented with fever, cough, and loss of taste/smell were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 ( P = 0.001, 0.008, 0.008; respectively). Radiological evidence of pneumonia was associated with confirmed COVID-19 disease ( P = 0.001). Shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with the risk of COVID-19 at presentation. On admission, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelets were significantly lower among COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Surprisingly, D-Dimer levels were lower among COVID-19 positive patients when compared with controls. Conclusion Male gender, hypertension, and diabetes are the most commonly observed risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 patient had significantly lower lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Clinical and hematologic presentations of adults with COVID-19 patients in Jeddah: A case control study

Kamel

Magadmi

Alqutub

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…This was almost consistent with the distribution of blood groups among the Saudi Arabia community: blood group O (52%), A (26%), B (18%), and AB (4%). [25] The results also showed that the upper respiratory tract infection and shortness of breath showed statistically significant differences between the ABO blood group ( P = .014 and P = .009 retrospectively). Moreover, all symptoms were observed highly in blood group O followed by A then B except for pharyngeal exudate observed in blood group A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infections: clinico-hematological, radiological, and complications analysis

et al. 2021

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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, research indicates that the COVID-19 disease susceptibility varies among individuals depending on their ABO blood groups. Researchers globally commenced investigating potential methods to stratify cases according to prognosis depending on several clinical parameters. Since there is evidence of a link between ABO blood groups and disease susceptibility, it could be argued that there is a link between blood groups and disease manifestation and progression. The current study investigates whether clinical manifestation, laboratory, and imaging findings vary among ABO blood groups of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 patients. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between March 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021 in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic information, clinical information, laboratory findings, and imaging investigations were extracted from the data warehouse for all confirmed COVID-19 patients. A total of 285 admitted patients were included in the study. Of these, 81 (28.4%) were blood group A, 43 (15.1%) were blood group B, 11 (3.9%) were blood group AB, and 150 (52.6%) were blood group O. This was almost consistent with the distribution of blood groups among the Saudi Arabia community. The majority of the study participants (79.6% [n = 227]) were asymptomatic. The upper respiratory tract infection ( P = .014) and shortness of breath showed statistically significant differences between the ABO blood group ( P = .009). Moreover, the incidence of the symptoms was highly observed in blood group O followed by A then B except for pharyngeal exudate observed in blood group A. The one-way ANOVA test indicated that among the studied hematological parameters, glucose ( P = .004), absolute lymphocyte count ( P = .001), and IgA ( P = .036) showed statistically significant differences between the means of the ABO blood group. The differences in both X-ray and computed tomography scan findings were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group. Only 86 (30.3%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, and the majority of them were blood groups O 28.7% (n = 43) and A 37.0% (n = 30). However, the differences in complications’ outcomes were statistically nonsignificant among the ABO age group. ABO blood groups among hospitalized COVID-19 patients are not associated with clinical, hematological, radiological, and complications abnormality.

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“…Interestingly, another study in the Western province in Jeddah, KSA, showed that COVID-19 infection was more frequent in blood group O (50.1%), while blood group AB disclosed the lowest rate (4.1%), among 35,388 Saudi blood donors (Alzahrani et al, 2018). A recent review by Kabrah et al also reported that individuals with blood group A had significantly higher risks, whereas blood type AB showed lower risks, of acquiring COVID-19 infection (Kabrah et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Clinical Factors and Blood Groups With the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

Shesha

Melebari

Alghamdi

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ContextThe possible associations between the different blood groups and clinical factors with COVID-19 infection among patients in Makkah city.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection in patients who were tested positive and to elucidate the most common ABO blood groups with a higher infectivity of COVID-19 and disease association.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional study that included COVID-19 patients diagnosed with PCR and who were hospitalized in Al-Noor Specialist Hospital (Makkah) during the period between March to November 2020. The ABO and Rhesus blood groups alongside the clinical characteristics were determined and retrieved from medical records and HESN of the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).ResultsThe overall confirmed COVID-19 cases included in this study were 1,583 patients who underwent positive PCR testing between March and November 2020. The frequencies of blood groups were as follows: group O+ (37%), group A+ (29.2%), group B+ (22.6%), group AB+ (5.1%), group O- (2.8%), group B- (1.8%), group A- (1.1%), and group AB- (0.4%). However, no significant correlations were observed for ABO groups and Rh types with the severity of COVID-19 illness. Conversely, signs and symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, and respiratory failure symptoms, alongside a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney diseases, and congestive heart failure significantly increased the risk of death from COVID-19 infection. Moreover, the rates of fever, cough, and asthma were markedly lower in the deceased group compared with the recovered group of patients.ConclusionThe association between the different blood groups with the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 among infected patients has yet to be elucidated as we found no significant differences in the observed versus expected distribution of ABO phenotypes among the included cases. The prevalence of RDS, pneumonia, and respiratory failure was found higher among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the deceased group. However, other factors such as fever, cough, and asthma appeared to be more significantly lower than in the recovered group.

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Frequency of ABO-Rhesus Blood Groups in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical and hematologic presentations of adults with COVID-19 patients in Jeddah: A case control study

Clinical and hematologic presentations of adults with COVID-19 patients in Jeddah: A case control study

Susceptibility of ABO blood group to COVID-19 infections: clinico-hematological, radiological, and complications analysis

Associations of Clinical Factors and Blood Groups With the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia

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