A European collaboration on Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 (CMT1) disease and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) was estab lished to estimate the duplication and deletion frequency, respectively, on chromosome 17pl 1.2 and to make an inventory of mutations in the myelin genes, peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), myelin protein zero (MPZ) and connexin 32 (Cx32) located on chromosomes 17pl 1.2, Iq21-q23 andXql3.1, respectively. In 70.7% of 819 unrelated CMT1 patients, the 17p11.2 duplica tion was present. In 84.0% of 156 unrelated HNPP patients, the 17p 11.2 dele tion was present. In the nonduplicated CMT1 patients, several different muta tions were identified in the myelin genes PMP22, MPZ and Cx32.