Frequency of expression and the distribution of ABO and Rh, Blood group antigens in the myocardial infarction (MI) male Patients of the Hail region in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Cases of adult obesity have been rising in every age group and gender of the Saudi population. If this trend continues it can lead to drastically high incidences of diabetes and the coronary heart disease (CHD). In a recent 2014 world health survey by the WHO, Saudi Arabia was ranked 27 th in the world in CHD related deaths. Additionally in Saudi Arabia CHD was the leading cause of death in 2014. Therefore, in this study we decided to look at the possible correlation between the inheritance of blood group antigens and the high incidences of myocardial infarction (MI) among the adult male patients. Results of our study show that in the randomly selected male control group 20.7% were A + and 3.35% were A -while 14.3% were found to be B + and 3.95% were B -. AB blood group was the least prevalent blood group among the control population. Only 8.2% were found to be AB + and 2.43% were AB -. As previously reported by us and others O + blood group was the most prevalent blood group among the control population at 38.3% while only 8.5% were found to be O -. In contrast when we analyzed the blood group distribution among the 111 MI male patients our results showed a statistically significant reduction in the combined Rh -male MI patients as compared to the Rh -individuals in the control group. Additionally we found a significantly high prevalence of A + blood group (30.6%) among the MI patients as compared to the control population. Our results also showed a small but not a significant increase in B + and O + blood groups in MI patients as compared to the controls. Finally our results show statistically significant reduction in O -MI patients as compared to the control population. In conclusion A + individuals show statistically high incidences of MI and O -individuals show statistically low incidences of MI in male patients. Our results also show a statistically significant reduction in the Rh -MI patients as compared to the control group. Significance of this reduction is not clear at this time.

High prevalence of hypertension and myocardial infarctions in Saudi adult female population with blood type A

“…These results are in agreement with our previously published findings that among MI male patients, blood group A was more prevalent and with other findings that Non-O blood groups are associated with increased risk of MI and hypertension. 10,11,30 However, our results are in disagreement with other studies in that there is no correlation between ABO blood group and myocardial infarctions. 5,6,9,24,25 Limitations of this study…”

“…29 In our previously published studies on male MI patient, and the current study we also found significantly higher expressions of A blood group and significantly reduced expressions of O blood groups among the hypertensive ( Figure 5) and MI female patients (Figure 6 and 7). 11 Therefore, our results are in agreement with many other studies; however they are in disagreement with some other previously published reports. [4][5][6][7]9,10,22,23,[26][27][28]30,31 As reported by us and others, there is high prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia and it is associated with high economic burden on the government.…”

“…[4][5][6][7] The current study was initiated because there is high prevalence of obesity and smoking in Saudi population, and since obesity and smoking are known major risk factors for developing hypertension and incidences of MI and since many studies have shown association between hypertension and the inheritance of ABO blood groups and MI for other global populations however results have been very inconsistent. [8][9][10][11]…”

Haemorrhagic stroke in Saudi adult male population and the ABO blood group distribution: a comparative analysis

“…We and others have previously reported a high prevalence of hypertension in Saudi adult male and female population. [4][5][6] According to the American stroke association (ASA), two types of weakened blood vessels can be the main cause of hemorrhagic stroke; aneurism, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Yet another kind of stroke called the "transient ischemic stroke (TIA) also known as "mini stroke "has also been identified in certain people.…”

“…7 Many studies have previously linked ABO and Rh blood groups with several non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and myocardial infractions. 4,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Although several studies have linked incidences of stroke with the inheritance of ABO blood groups also however these results have not been consistent. [20][21][22] Therefore in the current study we decided to look at relationship between the occurrence of hemorrhagic stroke and the ABO blood groups in Saudi adult male population.…”