Frequency of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies in Patients from 0 to 18 Years in the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia Bogotá (Colombia), during the Period 2006-2014

Abstract

Introduction: Oral pathologies that can occur in children are very diverse and require extensive knowledge to diagnose them. Objective: To describe the frequency of oral and maxillofacial pathologies that occurred in patients aged 0-18 years who attended the Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) in the period 2006-2014, in addition to relating the most frequent oral and maxillofacial pathologies with sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The analysis of information was recorded of 277 clinical histories of the HOMI, in patients from 0 to 18 years, who were diagnosed with any of the oral and maxillofacial pathologies, divided as follows: Head/neck cystic lesions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, infectious lesions, benign tumor, malignant tumor of head and neck, and benign odontogenic tumor. It was carried out in analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The most frequent pathologies were infectious lesions (62.45%), followed by benign odontogenic tumors (12.99%). Conclusions: This study shows that the most frequent pathologies were infectious lesions and benign odontogenic tumors.

Histopathological Records of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions among Pediatric and Adolescent Patients in Sulaimani Governorate

“…This study revealed the precedence of benign lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic), accounting for 97% of OMFLs, a finding that was similar to other two studies in Greek and Thailand [ 17 , 32 ]; meanwhile, malignant lesions were rated at only (3%), being less than those reported in Jordan [ 31 ], Colombia [ 33 ], and Taiwan [ 34 ]; which were 7.2%, 9%, and 5%, respectively, and higher than the frequencies detected by other countries. [ 17 , 18 , 32 , 35 ] and a systematic review (1.93%) [ 36 ], Despite their rarity, the malignant lesions might mimic benign lesions in the clinical presentation; thus, they should be evaluated in the differential diagnosis of cases with sudden, rapid growth or asymmetric enlargements, as well as ulcerations with unknown local irritants.…”

“…Most of the aforementioned studies were concerned with documenting the prevalence of OMFLs without exploring the association of different variables. In this investigation, as in two other studies [ 20 , 33 ], it was found that age plays a paramount role in the type of lesions detected; also, a highly significant relation was found between the type of lesions and the site at which they were recorded, as described by Parra Sanabria et al 2018 ( p = 0.000) [ 33 ]. This may emphasize the value of the ICD-10 for documentation, as it can give physicians and medical personnel a clear image of the necessity of accurate site reporting in generating a differential diagnosis and arriving at a definitive one.…”

“…The present study reported the highest number of lesions in patients aged 11–15 years old. These findings were supported by a wide range of studies [ 19 , 20 , 33 , 34 , 40 ], while Rwakatema and Chindia 2011 [ 37 ] revealed predominant 0–5 aged groups. Duhanuthai et al, 2007 [ 32 ] disagreed, noting that most patients were under the age of twelve; this can be explained by the age prevalence of the most commonly reported lesion.…”

“…In this analysis, the gender distribution revealed a slight female predisposition. A finding was confirmed by a single-center study in Brazil [ 35 ] and another study in Chile [ 38 ], whereas some research revealed equal gender inclination [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 32 ], and others showed male preference [ 27 , 33 , 37 , 41 ]. This study found no gender related to the pathological diagnosis, which agreed with Para Sanabria et al, 2018, Lapthanasupkul et al, 2015, and Lie et al, 2014 [ 33 , 40 , 41 ]; this may be due to the fact that lesions occurring in children and infants didn’t have gender predilections compared to lesions reported in adults, and the structure of the society in which pediatric and adolescents are still within the household of their parents thus, being highly concerned about their health.…”

“…In other words, the variable age stratification made it quite challenging to compare the age interval among studies. Some studies in Greece, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Colombia [ 17 , 19 , 27 , 33 ] used a similar age interval (0–18 years), while other research recruited only children [ 15 , 16 , 20 , 35 , 37 ], and pediatric patients [ 1 , 18 , 32 , 38 , 39 ].…”