Frequency of SOX Group B (SOX1, 2, 3) and ZIC2 antibodies in Turkish patients with small cell lung carcinoma and their correlation with clinical parameters

Abstract

BACKGROUNDExpression of neuroectodermal markers is a key feature of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Although immune responses against a number of these proteins have been associated with paraneoplastic neuronal disease (PND), most patients with SCLC have anti‐neuroectodermal antibodies in the absence of PND. Whether these immune responses affect the clinical outcome in SCLC is critical in understanding the potential value of these proteins as cancer vaccine targets as well as in the pathogenesis of PND.METHODSThe authors investigated the frequency of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against Sry‐like high‐mobility group box (SOX)1, 2, 3 and Zinc‐finger gene of the cerebellum (ZIC)2 proteins in stored serum samples from 90 patients utilizing the λ‐phage plaque assay. Data obtained from patient records were utilized to measure clinical correlates of seroreactivity.RESULTSAntibodies to SOX1 were present in 28% of patients and another 28% had anti‐ZIC2 antibodies, classifying these as some of the most frequent antibody responses observed in SCLC. None had autoimmune paraneoplastic disease. Antibody titers were frequently as high as ≥ 1:106 and were stable for ≤ 6 months after diagnosis. Seroreactivity against either SOX1 or ZIC2 correlated with younger age, lower lactate dehydrogenase levels, and better response to initial therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe frequent and stable presence of SOX Group B and/or ZIC2 antibodies in SCLC, but not in healthy individuals examined, indicates they are serological markers of SCLC. However, the correlation between known clinical parameters of less aggressive disease and seroreactivity suggests that these antibodies are indicators of better prognosis in SCLC and warrants further studies to clarify the nature of the underlying immune responses. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.

Anti-HuC and -HuD autoantibodies are differential sero-diagnostic markers for small cell carcinoma from large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung

“…Our results confirmed the utility of this approach to identify tumor-associated antigens including HuC recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with lung cancer (12,13).…”

“…Hanash (11) has described that harnessing the immune response to identify novel cancer biomarkers is an attractive strategy, because the immune system performs biological amplification which is equivalent to a PCR reaction by generating a detectable signal, with antigenic tumor proteins as templates, beginning at an early stage during tumor development when the tumor may be otherwise undetectable. Many tumor-related autoantibodies have been reported in pulmonary carcinomas (12)(13)(14)(15). Thus, an exhaustive search for novel tumor-specific autoantibodies, which may serve as early sero-diagnostic markers for cancers, has commenced.…”

SOX2 Autoantibodies As Noninvasive Serum Biomarker for Breast Carcinoma

“…Initially identified by serological analysis of expression cDNA libraries (SEREX; ref. 7), the presence of SOX2 autoantibodies (SOX2-Abs) in SCLC patients has been confirmed by several subsequent studies (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The 22% to 33% frequency of SOX2-Abs has promising potential for clinical use.…”

“…To date, the immunogenicity of SOX2 had mainly been investigated in individuals with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC; refs. [6][7][8][9][10]. Initially identified by serological analysis of expression cDNA libraries (SEREX; ref.…”

Serum Anti-Gal-3 Autoantibody is a Predictive Marker of the Efficacy of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy against Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

“…Hanash (Hanash, 2003) reported that analyzing the immune response to identify novel cancer biomarkers is an attractive strategy, because the immune system induces biological amplification that is equivalent to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by generating a detectable signal with antigenic tumor proteins as templates, beginning at a very early stage during tumor development before the tumor identifiable. Some tumor-associated autoantibodies have also been reported for lung cancer (Vural et al, 2005;Yagihashi et al, 2005).…”