Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Power Plant in an Isolated Power System

Martínez‐Lucas, Guillermo; Moreno, José Ignacio; Sánchez-Fernández, José Ángel

doi:10.3390/en11010239

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…After the disconnection of the diesel generator, they were supposed to take over the control of voltage and frequency [40]. Another option of frequency control is proposed in Reference [48]. The performed simulations confirmed the justness of the measures taken.…”

Section: System Arrangement and Operations Detailsmentioning

confidence: 91%

El Hierro Renewable Energy Hybrid System: A Tough Compromise

Frydrychowicz-Jastrzębska

2018

Energies

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The Gorona del Viento project was characterized in this article, concerning its implementation, as well as several years of exploitation in an isolated location, namely on the El Hierro island. The hybrid system includes a wind farm and a pumped storage power plant, which acts as an energy storage, and all are equipped with a control system. The planned strategy assumed a configuration based on 100% wind energy supply. However, the system does not guarantee the anticipated effectiveness. The problems with the lack of energy self-sufficiency are partly the result of changes in the project made already during construction, in particular because of the mismatch of the water reservoir's capacity and the wind turbines' energy production efficiency. This results in the necessity to limit the wind farm capacity to ensure grid stability and hence requires supplementation of energy from the diesel generator. The author compared the object to analogical ones which employ different technological solutions and presented potential suggestions as to improve the existing state and achieve the reliability of the system's operation.Reference [7] assessed the isolated electricity network and goals proposed in the Canary Islands energy plan (PECAN), taking into account the average cost and risk associated with different alternatives to electricity generation. In order to increase efficiency (even by 30%), authors additionally suggest the use of natural gas. Current and future (until 2050) action plan in this area was presented in Reference [8]. Reference [9], on the other hand, presented the program of introducing RES in the Azores from 2007 to 2018. The smallest of the archipelago islands, Corvo, is planned to be powered exclusively from RES [4,9]. Reference [10] concerned the Greek islands of Crete, Kythnos, Ikaria, and Agios Efstrations. An interesting solution was applied on Ikaria (thermal, PV (photovoltaic), wind, and hydro with storage in two locations). The island of Agios Efstrations is planned to achieve 100% energy self-sufficiency only from RES. In Reference [11], the importance of assessing the technical and economic feasibility of isolated wind energy systems is emphasized.Because of the instability of the RES (the availability of their potential depends on many factors), a reserve conventional source and a storage are often introduced into the system [4].Reference [12] proposed a novel method of optimizing the efficiency of battery energy storage systems. Four optimal objective functions have been taken into account, such as minimum energy storage capacity, minimum load dump, the maximum lowest deflection frequency, and minimum disruption duration indicator.An overview of possible solutions for electricity storage is presented in References [13-18] including pumped hydro storage, flywheel, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitors, battery energy storage system (BESS), pumped heat electrical storage (PHES), and compressed air energy storage (CAES), whereas in References [13,14,[16][17][18], the ...

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Section: System Arrangement and Operations Detailsmentioning

confidence: 91%

El Hierro Renewable Energy Hybrid System: A Tough Compromise

Frydrychowicz-Jastrzębska

2018

Energies

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“…The pumped storage power plant has two separate facilities, a hydropower plant and a pumping station. This arrangement is known as 4-machine-type [21]. The Appendix A provides some tables with detailed data on this wind-hydro power plant.…”

Section: Power System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Operating Efficiency of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Powerplant

et al. 2020

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This paper analyzes the operating efficiency of a hybrid wind–hydro power plant located in El Hierro Island. This plant combines a wind farm (11.48 MW) and a pumped storage power plant (11.32 MW). It was built with the aim of supplying the island demand from renewable energy instead of using existing diesel units. The paper discusses several operational strategies and proposes an efficiency metric. Using 10 min data, the operation of this power plant has been simulated. From these simulations (more than 50,000 for a year), the operating efficiency and the percentage of demand covered from renewable energy is obtained. The difference between the worst and the best strategy is a twofold increase in efficiency. Moreover, the results of the simulations are compared with the system operational history since June 2015 (when the wind–hydro power plant started operation) until 2018. These comparisons show a reasonable agreement between simulations and operational history.

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“…In order to tackle these drawbacks, many countries have raised policies and incentives aimed at promoting the integration of alternative power generation technologies, mainly based on the use of renewable energy resources. In this sense, wind-diesel hybridization has been emerging as common practice in many weak and isolated power systems in last years [2]. In such kind of systems, diesel generators are able to correct the power imbalances caused by the load variation as well as the fluctuating nature of wind power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposals for Enhancing Frequency Control in Weak and Isolated Power Systems: Application to the Wind-Diesel Power System of San Cristobal Island-Ecuador

Ochoa

Martínez

2018

Energies

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Wind-diesel hybridization has been emerging as common practice for electricity generation in many isolated power systems due to its reliability and its contribution in mitigating environmental issues. However, the weakness of these kind of power systems (due to their small inertia) makes the frequency regulation difficult, particularly under high wind conditions, since part of the synchronous generation has to be set offline for ensuring a suitable tracking of the power demand. This reduces the power system's ability to absorb wind power variations, leading to pronounced grid frequency fluctuations under normal operating conditions. This paper proposes some corrective actions aimed at enhancing the frequency control capability in weak and isolated power systems: a procedure for evaluating the system stability margin intended for readjusting the diesel-generator control gains, a new wind power curtailment strategy, and an inertial control algorithm implemented in the wind turbines. These proposals are tested in the San Cristobal (Galapagos Islands-Ecuador) hybrid wind-diesel power system, in which many power outages caused by frequency relays tripping were reported during the windiest season. The proposals benefits have been tested in a simulation environment by considering actual operating conditions based on measurement data recorded at the island.

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Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Power Plant in an Isolated Power System

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

El Hierro Renewable Energy Hybrid System: A Tough Compromise

El Hierro Renewable Energy Hybrid System: A Tough Compromise

Evaluation of the Operating Efficiency of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Powerplant

Proposals for Enhancing Frequency Control in Weak and Isolated Power Systems: Application to the Wind-Diesel Power System of San Cristobal Island-Ecuador

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