Frequent cellular phone use modifies hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to a cellular phone call after mental stress in healthy children and adolescents: A pilot study

Geronikolou, Styliani; Chamakou, Aikaterini; Mantzou, Aimilia; Chrousos, George P.; Kanaka‐Gantenbein, Christina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.052

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Out of the total, 3,871 were excluded because they were not relevant (the studies did not consist the word of "thyroid") leaving 43 articles that were related the exposure of non-ionizing radiation on thyroid (Figure 1). After reading the full-texts of the 43 articles, additional 18 articles were excluded with reasons: not related to thyroid (n=2), 22,23 different study purposes (n=6) [24][25][26][27][28][29] and full-text unavailable (n=5). [30][31][32][33][34] In addition, four review articles (two discussing the effect of non-ionizing EMF on thyroid gland abnormalities, 35,36 while the two others discussing the effect of non-ionizing EMF on thyroid hormone functions) 37,38 and one hypothesis article elaborated the impact of non-ionizing radiation on the likelihood of thyroid cancer 39 were also excluded (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Eligibility Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do electromagnetic fields significantly affect thyroid cells and their functions? – A systematic review

Zufry,

Rudijanto,

Soeatmadji

et al. 2024

F1000Res

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Background: This review aimed to emphasize the effects, mechanisms involved, conditions required to trigger impacts, and the adapted responses of EMF on thyroid gland. Methods: The included literatures were collected from the Oceania Radiofrequency Scientific Advisory Association (ORSAA) database which were published before April 2021. The searched was then refined with keyword ‘thyroid’. Results: A total of 15 experimental studies, 10 observational studies, 4 review articles, and 1 medical hypothesis were included. Hypothyroidism is the most reported functional abnormality. The identified morphological abnormalities of the thyroid gland include increased follicular epithelial and interfollicular tissue, decreased colloid volume of cubic cells, follicular fluid, interfollicular space, changes in lysosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, cell nuclei, changes in glandular structures including cell hypotrophy, glandular hypertrophy, and increased apoptosis via caspase-dependent pathways. The observational studies reported an increase in thyroid cancer incidence and the diameter of the left anteroposterior of the thyroid gland. Postulation that thyroid cancer is associated with thyroid cancer EMF exposure, is suggested by a medical hypothesis paper. The possibilities of hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, and cell apoptosis due to EMF exposure have been highlighted in the review articles. Conclusion: Despite these findings, critical elements, such as the effects and mechanisms of EMF exposure on thyroid hormone transporters, genomic and non-genomic actions, conditions required for the effect to occur, and the resultant adapted responses, have not been explored suggesting the need of further research.

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Section: Study Eligibility Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do electromagnetic fields significantly affect thyroid cells and their functions? – A systematic review

Zufry,

Rudijanto,

Soeatmadji

et al. 2024

F1000Res

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“…Athermal EM effects are statistically observable in pituitary glands [23,24]. At this level, one can presume similar effects on hypothalamusthalamus and pineal glands, since they have similar tissue properties [25,26]. These endocrine glands have a vital effect on the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response and the circadian cycle (CC) of the body, respectively.…”

Section: Simulation Outcomes' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Effect Estimation of Smartphone Virtual Reality Headsets on Human Eye by Finite Element Method

ULUAYDIN>

ŞEKER

2022

Sakarya University Journal of Science

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Smartphones (SP) terminals are becoming the most popular media for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) effects with their central processing unit (CPU) and video capabilities. Simple VR headsets with reasonable costs can host smartphones, and they can together be used for many different applications. But with the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, their usage has become essential for many people working from their homes. VR and AR capabilities provide a much richer experience for entertainment, gaming, and video conferencing. The increasing popularity of 3D virtual worlds add up to this usage. On the technology side, multi-radio connectivity is supported both on terminal and network side. A certain risk may arise when using SP VR headsets for such applications requiring a broadband Internet connectivity. SPs with multi-radio connectivity feature may elevate specific absorption rate (SAR) values in those cases. The smartphone used for VR and AR applications is positioned in front of the eyes; and there is very limited ventilation in VR/AR headsets. Authors’ model aims simulate these exposure scenarios in 4G and 5G mobile telecommunication frequencies by finite element method (FEM); and, possible thermal and non-thermal risks of related electromagnetic (EM) radiation on human eye according to the outputs of the model are discussed.

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“…The hormonal profile of cell phone users, or of people aged from 14 to 60 years living at a distance from 20‐100 to 100‐500 m from a base station, showed a significant effect on the pituitary‐adrenal axis in the form of changes in cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plasma levels [Eskander et al, ]. Prospective studies of school children (average age 12.5 ± 1.5 years) revealed a change in cortisol saliva after talking 10–20 min on a cell phone (SAR 0.571 ± 0.2 W/kg) compared with the control group [Geronikolou et al, ]. These prospective studies have considered this hormone as a prognostic marker of the endocrine stress response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 171 MHz Low‐Intensity Electromagnetic Field on Glucocorticoid and Mineral Corticoid Activity of the Adrenal Glands of Rats

Perov

Rubtsova

Balzano

2019

Bioelectromagnetics

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A sub-acute electromagnetic field (EMF) biological effect study was carried out on rats exposed in the Transverse ElectroMagnetic exposure chamber at 171 MHz Continuous Wave (CW). The experiments involved three exposure levels (15, 25, and 35 V/m) for 15 days with triplicate parallel sham-exposed controls in each series. All exposure conditions were simulated for the evaluation of the electromagnetic energy distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the rat phantoms. Studies have shown a biphasic biological response depending on time and absorbed electromagnetic energy. Under low SAR, approximately 0.006 W/kg, EMF exposure leads to the stimulation of adrenal gland activity. This process is accompanied by an initial increase of daily excretion of corticosterone and Na + , which is seen as a higher Na + /K + ratio, followed by a decrease of these parameters over time. It is possible that EMF exposure causes a stress response in animals, which is seen as an increased adrenal activity. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:578-587.

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Frequent cellular phone use modifies hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to a cellular phone call after mental stress in healthy children and adolescents: A pilot study

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Do electromagnetic fields significantly affect thyroid cells and their functions? – A systematic review

Do electromagnetic fields significantly affect thyroid cells and their functions? – A systematic review

Thermal Effect Estimation of Smartphone Virtual Reality Headsets on Human Eye by Finite Element Method

Effects of 171 MHz Low‐Intensity Electromagnetic Field on Glucocorticoid and Mineral Corticoid Activity of the Adrenal Glands of Rats

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