Frequent Recombination Events in Leishmania donovani: Mining Population Data

Rogozin, Igor B.; Charyyeva, Arzuv; Sidorenko, I. A.; Babenko, Vladimir N.; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070572

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(73 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Notably, we detected a higher translocation frequency when we compared genomic data for the same strain produced in 2013 and 2021 (panel C). This can be easily explained by the plasticity of Leishmania genomes–recombination events accumulate over time [ 66 – 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ku80 is involved in telomere maintenance but dispensable for genomic stability in Leishmania mexicana

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Telomeres are indispensable for genome stability maintenance. They are maintained by the telomere-associated protein complex, which include Ku proteins and a telomerase among others. Here, we investigated a role of Ku80 in Leishmania mexicana. Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protists of the family Trypanosomatidae causing a vector-born disease called leishmaniasis. Methodology/Principal findings We used the previously established CRISPR/Cas9 system to mediate ablation of Ku80- and Ku70-encoding genes in L. mexicana. Complete knock-outs of both genes were confirmed by Southern blotting, whole-genome Illumina sequencing, and RT-qPCR. Resulting telomeric phenotypes were subsequently investigated using Southern blotting detection of terminal restriction fragments. The genome integrity in the Ku80- deficient cells was further investigated by whole-genome sequencing. Our work revealed that telomeres in the ΔKu80 L. mexicana are elongated compared to those of the wild type. This is a surprising finding considering that in another model trypanosomatid, Trypanosoma brucei, they are shortened upon ablation of the same gene. A telomere elongation phenotype has been documented in other species and associated with a presence of telomerase-independent alternative telomere lengthening pathway. Our results also showed that Ku80 appears to be not involved in genome stability maintenance in L. mexicana. Conclusion/Significance Ablation of the Ku proteins in L. mexicana triggers telomere elongation, but does not have an adverse impact on genome integrity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ku80 is involved in telomere maintenance but dispensable for genomic stability in Leishmania mexicana

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and Trypanosoma cruzi ) possess a markedly lower number of RACs, ranging from 1 to 9, than the blood-dwelling salivarian trypanosomes. A recent study suggested that RACs repertoire in L. donovani may have been shaped by gene conversion ( Rogozin et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosomatid Adenylate Cyclases Reveals Associations with Extracellular Lifestyle and Host–Pathogen Interplay

Durante

Butenko

Rašková

et al. 2020

Genome Biology and Evolution

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Receptor adenylate cyclases (RACs) on the surface of trypanosomatids are important players in the host-parasite interface. They detect still unidentified environmental signals that affect the parasites’ responses to host immune challenge, coordination of social motility and regulation of cell division. A lesser known class of oxygen-sensing adenylate cyclases (OACs) related to RACs has been lost in trypanosomes and expanded mostly in Leishmania species and related insect-dwelling trypanosomatids. In this work, we have undertaken a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of both classes of adenylate cyclases in trypanosomatids and the free-living Bodo saltans. We observe that the expanded RAC repertoire in trypanosomatids with a two-host life cycle is not only associated with an extracellular lifestyle within the vertebrate host, but also with a complex path through the insect vector involving several life cycle stages. In Trypanosoma brucei, RACs are split into two major clades, which significantly differ in their expression profiles in the mammalian host and the insect vector. RACs of the closely related Trypanosoma congolense are intermingled within these two clades, supporting early RAC diversification. Subspecies of T. brucei that have lost the capacity to infect insects exhibit high numbers of pseudogenized RACs, suggesting many of these proteins have become redundant upon the acquisition of a single-host life cycle. OACs appear to be an innovation occurring after the expansion of RACs in trypanosomatids. Endosymbiont-harbouring trypanosomatids exhibit a diversification of OACs, whereas these proteins are pseudogenized in Leishmania subgenus Viannia. This analysis sheds light on how adenylate cyclases have evolved to allow diverse trypanosomatids to occupy multifarious niches and assume various lifestyles.

show abstract

“…Considering the identified parasite species versus those expected in wild mammals and coinfection events, a new scenario is opening showing the need for research on the following topics: (i) the role of domestic/wild mammals and vectors in the maintenance of transmission cycles, which has been studied and proposed in mathematical models for different vector-borne diseases [98][99][100]; (ii) the domiciliation transition of vectors in specific areas, phenomena highly relevant for American trypanosomiasis and VL in recent years [101][102][103]; (iii) the possibility of the genetic recombination of the different actors implicated in the parasites' life cycle, not just for the vector context [104][105][106]. The latter must transcend the world view of human diseases and recognize their importance and the veterinary diseases that must be equally prioritized in the public health systems [107].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites infecting several mammal species in Colombia

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Trypanosomatids are among the most critical parasites for public health due to their impact on human, animal, and plant health. Diseases associated with these pathogens manifest mainly in poor and vulnerable populations, where social, environmental, and biological factors modulate the case incidence and geographical distribution. Methods We used Sanger and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) in samples from different mammals to identify trypanosomatid infections in several departments in Colombia. A total of 174 DNA samples (18 humans, 83 dogs, and 73 wild mammals) were analyzed by conventional PCR using a fragment of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene and Sanger sequenced the positive samples. Twenty-seven samples were sent for amplicon-based NGS using the same gene fragment. Data obtained were used to perform diversity analyses. Results One hundred and thirteen samples were positive for PCR by Hsp70 fragment; these corresponded to 22.1% Leishmania spp., 18.6% L. amazonensis, 9.7% L. braziliensis, 14.2% L. infantum, 8% L. panamensis, and 27.4% Trypanosoma cruzi. Comparison of the identified species by the two sequencing technologies used resulted in 97% concordance. Alpha and beta diversity indices were significant, mainly for dogs; there was an interesting index of coinfection events in the analyzed samples: different Leishmania species and the simultaneous presence of T. cruzi and even T. rangeli in one of the samples analyzed. Moreover, a low presence of L. braziliensis was observed in samples from wild mammals. Interestingly, to our knowledge, this is the first report of Leishmania detection in Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (capybara) in Colombia. Conclusions The Hsp70 fragment used in this study is an optimal molecular marker for trypanosomatid identification in many hosts and allows the identification of different species in the same sample when amplicon-based sequencing is used. However, the use of this fragment for molecular diagnosis through conventional PCR should be carefully interpreted because of this same capacity to identify several parasites. This point is of pivotal importance in highly endemic countries across South America because of the co-circulation of different genera from the Trypanosomatidae family. The findings show an interesting starting point for One Health approaches in which coevolution and vector-host interactions can be studied. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Frequent Recombination Events in Leishmania donovani: Mining Population Data

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Ku80 is involved in telomere maintenance but dispensable for genomic stability in Leishmania mexicana

Ku80 is involved in telomere maintenance but dispensable for genomic stability in Leishmania mexicana

Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosomatid Adenylate Cyclases Reveals Associations with Extracellular Lifestyle and Host–Pathogen Interplay

An overview of the trypanosomatid (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites infecting several mammal species in Colombia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About