Freshwater angiosperm carbon concentrating mechanisms: processes and patterns

Maberly, Stephen C.; Madsen, Tom Vindbæk

doi:10.1071/pp01187

Cited by 205 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Higher concentrations of CO 2 in bottom sediments (as a result of microbial activity) are also exploited by some macrophytes (e.g., Isoetes) whereby CO 2 in the interstitial sediment water diffuses into the roots and then through gas-filled lacunae to the leaves (Raven et al, 1988). In addition to morphological changes, physiological strategies such as utilization of bicarbonate (in addition to CO 2 ) as an inorganic carbon source and additional biochemical carboxylation pathways (including crassulacean acid metabolism, found, for example, in Isoetes, Crassula, Littorella, Sagittaria and Vallisneria, and C4-like metabolism found in Hydrilla verticillata and Egeria densa) have evolved to cope with reduced availability of CO 2 and the prevalence of HCO 3 -as the dominant form of inorganic carbon in higher-pH waters (Maberly & Madsen, 2002). The limited availability of oxygen in aquatic systems has also resulted in development of aerenchyma-tissue containing enlarged gas spaces-for transport of oxygen from shoot to roots and venting of gases (carbon dioxide, ethylene, methane) from the root and soil (Sculthorpe, 1967).…”

Section: Species and Generic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

et al. 2007

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Aquatic macrophytes are aquatic photosynthetic organisms, large enough to see with the naked eye, that actively grow permanently or periodically submerged below, floating on, or growing up through the water surface. Aquatic macrophytes are represented in seven plant divisions: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Xanthophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. Species composition and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in the more primitive divisions are less well known than for the vascular macrophytes (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta), which are represented by 33 orders and 88 families with about 2,614 species in c. 412 genera. These c. 2,614 aquatic species of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta evolved from land plants and represent only a small fraction (*1%) of the total number of vascular plants. Our analysis of the numbers and distribution of vascular macrophytes showed that whilst many species have broad ranges, species diversity is highest in the Neotropics, intermediate in the Oriental, Nearctic and Afrotropics, lower in the Palearctic and Australasia, lower again in the Pacific Oceanic Islands, and lowest in the Antarctic region. About 39% of the c. 412 genera containing aquatic vascular macrophytes are endemic to a single biogeographic region, with 61-64% of all aquatic vascular plant species found in the Afrotropics and Neotropics being endemic to those regions. Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems and certain macrophyte species (e.g., rice) are cultivated for human consumption, yet several of the worst invasive weeds in the world are aquatic plants. Many of the threats to fresh waters (e.g., climate change, eutrophication) will result in reduced macrophyte diversity and will, in turn, threaten the faunal diversity of aquatic ecosystems and favour the establishment of exotic species, at the expense of native species.

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Section: Species and Generic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

et al. 2007

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“…Compared with terrestrial plants, aquatic macrophytes experience approximately 10 4 slower diffusion and a much lower solubility of gases in water than in air [1,2]. The efficient exchange of nutrients and gases is further exacerbated by the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) surrounding all submersed surfaces [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion or advection? Mass transfer and complex boundary layer landscapes of the brown algaFucus vesiculosus

Lichtenberg

Nørregaard

Kühl

2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The role of hyaline hairs on the thallus of brown algae in the genus Fucus is long debated and several functions have been proposed. We used a novel motorized set-up for two-dimensional and three-dimensional mapping with O 2 microsensors to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) and O 2 flux around single and multiple tufts of hyaline hairs on the thallus of Fucus vesiculosus. Flow was a major determinant of DBL thickness, where higher flow decreased DBL thickness and increased O 2 flux between the algal thallus and the surrounding seawater. However, the topography of the DBL varied and did not directly follow the contour of the underlying thallus. Areas around single tufts of hyaline hairs exhibited a more complex mass-transfer boundary layer, showing both increased and decreased thickness when compared with areas over smooth thallus surfaces. Over thallus areas with several hyaline hair tufts, the overall effect was an apparent increase in the boundary layer thickness. We also found indications for advective O 2 transport driven by pressure gradients or vortex shedding downstream from dense tufts of hyaline hairs that could alleviate local mass-transfer resistances. Mass-transfer dynamics around hyaline hair tufts are thus more complex than hitherto assumed and may have important implications for algal physiology and plant -microbe interactions.

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“…Even though there is no evidence for PEPC-activity resp. C 4 photosynthesis within Myriophyllum species (Maberly & Madsen, 2002), the HCO À 3 use mechanisms were induced by environmental conditions in our study. Olesen & Madsen (2000) reported a generally better performance of submerged species like E. canadensis in HC compared to LC environments, even though the species are known for their HCO À 3 usage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European native Myriophyllum spicatum showed a higher $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - use capacity than alien invasive Myriophyllum heterophyllum

Hussner

Jahns

2014

Hydrobiologia

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Light, temperature, and the availability of carbon are three major drivers of submerged plant growth, photosynthesis, and competitive strength. A laboratory study using a three factorial experimental design (light 9 temperature 9 CO 2 ) was carried out to evaluate growth responses (RGR (relative growth rate), LDMC (leaf dry matter content), and root:shoot ratio) and physiological changes (pigment characteristics and net photosynthesis under CO 2 depletion) in the European native Myriophyllum spicatum and the non-native invasive M. heterophyllum to changes in the three variables. Both species showed temperature optima of 21°C and highest growth rates under highlight and high CO 2 conditions. Additionally, the capacity of both to use HCO À 3 was significantly higher in plants acclimated to CO 2 depletion than for plants growing in CO 2 -rich water. Summarizing, both species showed their ability to grow under variable conditions, but M. spicatum is the better HCO À 3 user and showed better acclimation in growth and physiological parameters to CO 2 depletion. Overall, native M. spicatum reached higher growth rates and showed a better acclimation to low CO 2 conditions than the nonnative M. heterophyllum. Thus, the HCO À 3 use capacity alone cannot explain the success of evergreen M. heterophyllum in formerly M. spicatum-dominated waters.

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Freshwater angiosperm carbon concentrating mechanisms: processes and patterns

Cited by 205 publications

References 98 publications

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

Diffusion or advection? Mass transfer and complex boundary layer landscapes of the brown algaFucus vesiculosus

European native Myriophyllum spicatum showed a higher $${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - use capacity than alien invasive Myriophyllum heterophyllum

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