Freshwater from the Bay of Biscay shelves in 2009

Reverdin, Gilles; Marié, Louis; Lazure, Pascal; d’Ovidio, Francesco; Boutin, Jacqueline; Testor, Pierre; Martin, Nicolas; Lourenço, Antonio; Gaillard, Fabienne; Lavín, A.; Rodríguez, Carmen Dolores Arbelo; Somavilla, R.; Mader, Julien; Rubio, Anna; Blouch, Pierre; Rolland, Jean‐Luc; Bozec, Yves‐Marie; Charria, Guillaume; Batifoulier, Francois; Dumas, Franck; Louazel, Stéphanie; Chanut, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.09.017

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As a more focused illustration, freshwater exports in the open ocean, as described in Reverdin et al (2013), appear in the present experiment (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Sea Surface Temperature and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 60%

Interannual evolution of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay

Charria¹,

Theetten²,

Vandermeirsch³

et al. 2017

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. In the north-east Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay is an intersection between a coastal constrained dynamics (wide continental shelf and shelf break regions) and an eastern boundary circulation system. In this framework, the eddy kinetic energy is 1 order of magnitude lower than in western boundary systems. To explore this coastal complex system, a high-resolution (1 km, 100 vertical sigma layers) model experiment including tidal dynamics over a period of 10 years (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) has been implemented. The ability of the numerical environment to reproduce main patterns over interannual scales is demonstrated. Based on this experiment, the features of the (sub)mesoscale processes are described in the deep part of the region (i.e. abyssal plain and continental slope). A system with the development of mixed layer instabilities at the end of winter is highlighted. Beyond confirming an observed behaviour of seasonal (sub)mesoscale activity in other regions, the simulated period allows exploring the interannual variability of these structures. A relationship between the winter maximum of mixed layer depth and the intensity of (sub)mesoscale related activity (vertical velocity, relative vorticity) is revealed and can be explained by largescale atmospheric forcings (e.g. the cold winter in 2005). The first submesoscale-permitting exploration of this 3-D coastal system shows the importance of (sub)mesoscale activity in this region with its evolution implying a potentially significant impact on vertical and horizontal mixing.

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“…As a more focused illustration, freshwater exports in the open ocean, as described in Reverdin et al (2013), appear in the present experiment (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Sea Surface Temperature and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 60%

Interannual evolution of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay

Charria¹,

Theetten²,

Vandermeirsch³

et al. 2017

Ocean Sci.

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“…Local upwelling-promoting winds are south to south-westerly (Figure 4), and the advection of planktonic populations through upwelling, including Dinophysis populations, requires the previous establishment of stratification and a two-layered circulation pattern. Earlier studies have shown that even if thermal stratification is low at this time of the year, the Gironde plume can reach in a significant way the shelf break in the southern (<46°N) Bay of Biscay [35,36], including the shelf off Arcachon Bay. However, in 2012, anomalous winter patterns with dominance of northerly winds caused a deflection of the Gironde plume to the south and exceptionally long-lasting haline stratification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Variability and Oceanographic Settings Associated with Interannual Variability in the Initiation of Dinophysis acuminata Blooms

et al. 2013

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In 2012, there were exceptional blooms of D. acuminata in early spring in what appeared to be a mesoscale event affecting Western Iberia and the Bay of Biscay. The objective of this work was to identify common climatic patterns to explain the observed anomalies in two important aquaculture sites, the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain) and Arcachon Bay (SW France). Here, we examine climate variability through physical-biological couplings, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies and time of initiation of the upwelling season and its intensity over several decades. In 2012, the mesoscale features common to the two sites were positive anomalies in SST and unusual wind patterns. These led to an atypical predominance of upwelling in winter in the Galician Rías, and increased haline stratification associated with a southward advection of the Gironde plume in Arcachon Bay. Both scenarios promoted an early phytoplankton growth season and increased stability that enhanced D. acuminata growth. Therefore, a common climate anomaly caused exceptional blooms of D. acuminata in two distant regions through different triggering mechanisms. These results increase our capability to predict intense diarrhetic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in the early spring from observations in the preceding winter.

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“…These data were corrected for biases and validated by comparison with samples, sensors calibrations and comparison with nearby data. The accuracy of these data is estimated to be within a few 0.01 pss-78 [29]. The RV Antea monitored the SSS under most of the plane track.…”

Section: B Sea Surface Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It begins at 2.85W (May 19, 14UTC) eastward and finishes at 1.43W (May 20, 01UTC), i.e., about one day before the flight. As the temperature sensor had a 1 s time constant, the accuracy of these measurements is about 0.1 pss-78 [29]. Only measurements closest to the surface (about 3 m) were taken into account.…”

Section: B Sea Surface Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the in-situ measurements used for building the reference SSS were sometimes at 20 km from the flight track and one day apart from the flight, we compare the "reference SSS" with three SSS fields covering the whole region: a map derived with a classical Gauss-Markov objective analysis (OA) applied to in-situ data as defined in [29] and outputs of two high-resolution numerical oceanic circulation models, less than 0.5 h apart from the flight time. These comparisons are intended to identify parts of the flight where the SSS is highly variable.…”

Section: B Sea Surface Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity From CAROLS L-Band Radiometer in the Gulf of Biscay

Martin

Boutin

Hauser

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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International audienceA renewal of interest for the radiometric L-band Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) remote sensing appeared in the 1990s and led to the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite launched in November 2009 and to the Aquarius mission (launched in June 2011). However, due to low signal to noise ratio, retrieving SSS from L-band radiometry is very challenging. In order to validate and improve L-band radiative transfer model and salinity retrieval method used in SMOS data processing, the Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS) was developed. We analyze here a coastal flight (20 May 2009), in the Gulf of Biscay, characterized by strong SSS gradients (28 to 35 pss-78). Extensive in-situ measurements were gathered along the plane track. Brightness temperature $(T_{b})$ integrated over 800 ms correlates well with simulated $T_{b}$ (correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.96; standard deviations of the difference of 0.2 K). Over the whole flight, the standard deviation of the difference between CAROLS and in-situ SSS is about 0.3 pss-78 more accurate than SSS fields derived from coastal numerical model or objective analysis. In the northern part of the flight, CAROLS and in-situ SSS agree. In the southern part, the best agreement is found when using only V-polarization measured at 30$^{\circ}$ incidence angle or when using a multiparameter retrieval assuming large error on $T_{b}$ (suggesting the presence of biases on H-polarization). When compared to high-resolution model SSS, the CAROLS SSS underlines the high SSS temporal variability in river plume and on continental shelf border, and the importance of using realistic river run-offs for modeling coastal SSS

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Freshwater from the Bay of Biscay shelves in 2009

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Interannual evolution of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay

Interannual evolution of (sub)mesoscale dynamics in the Bay of Biscay

Climate Variability and Oceanographic Settings Associated with Interannual Variability in the Initiation of Dinophysis acuminata Blooms

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity From CAROLS L-Band Radiometer in the Gulf of Biscay

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